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barley

(Encyclopedia) barley, annual cereal plant (Hordeum vulgare and sometimes other species) of the family Poaceae (grass family), cultivated by humans probably as early as any cereal. It was known to…

prospecting

(Encyclopedia) prospecting, search for mineral deposits suitable for mining. Modern prospecting has replaced earlier methods based on chance or superstition (e.g., use of the divining rod) with…

Klamath, indigenous people of North America

(Encyclopedia) KlamathKlamathklămˈəth [key], Native North Americans who in the 19th cent. lived in SW Oregon. They speak a language of the Sahaptin-Chinook branch of the Penutian linguistic stock (…

Lebanon, mountain range, Asia

(Encyclopedia) Lebanon, ancient Libanus, mountain range, c.100 mi (160 km) long, paralleling the Mediterranean Sea from S Lebanon N into Syria and rising steeply from the coast. Qurnet as Sawda (10,…

Haggai

(Encyclopedia) HaggaiHaggaihăgˈāī [key], prophetic book of the Bible. Dated 520 b.c., it is a collection of five oracles addressed to Jews, newly returned from the Babylonian exile. The prophet…

inlaying

(Encyclopedia) inlaying, process of ornamenting a surface by setting into it material of different color or substance, usually in such a manner as to preserve a continuous plane. Inlay is employed in…

lumber

(Encyclopedia) lumber, term for timber that has been cut into boards for use as a building material. The major steps in producing lumber involve logging (the felling and preparation of timber for…

Aulard, Alphonse

(Encyclopedia) Aulard, AlphonseAulard, AlphonseälfôNsˈ ōlärˈ [key], 1849–1928, French historian. He was the first professional historian of the French Revolution, and he devoted his life to this…

Atget, Eugène

(Encyclopedia) Atget, EugèneAtget, Eugèneözhĕnˈ ätzhĕˈ [key], 1857–1927, French photographer. After working as a sailor and then as an actor for many years, Atget became a photographer at the age of…

Medici, Cosimo I de'

(Encyclopedia) Medici, Cosimo I de', 1519–74, duke of Florence (1537–69), grand duke of Tuscany (1569–74); son of Giovanni de' Medici (Giovanni delle Bande Nere). In 1537, Lorenzino de' Medici…