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Shrewsbury, Elizabeth Talbot, countess of

(Encyclopedia) Shrewsbury, Elizabeth Talbot, countess ofShrewsbury, Elizabeth Talbot, countess ofshrōzˈbərē, shr&oomacr;zˈ– [key], 1520–1608, English noblewoman, known as Bess of Hardwick. At the…

Philip I, king of France

(Encyclopedia) Philip I, 1052–1108, king of France (1060–1108), son and successor of Henry I. He enlarged, by arms and by diplomacy, his small royal domain. In order to prevent the union of England…

Randolph, Thomas, English diplomat

(Encyclopedia) Randolph, Thomas, 1523–90, English diplomat. He was graduated from Oxford (1545) and served as principal of Broadgates Hall (later Pembroke College), Oxford, until forced because of…

Raymond VII, count of Toulouse

(Encyclopedia) Raymond VII, 1197–1249, count of Toulouse; son of Count Raymond VI. He fought with his father in the Albigensian Crusade (see under Albigenses), assisting Raymond VI in his attempt to…

Ptolemy III

(Encyclopedia) Ptolemy III (Ptolemy Euergetes)Ptolemy IIItŏlˈəmē [key]Ptolemy IIIy&oomacr;ûrˈjĭtēz [key], d. 221 b.c., king of ancient Egypt (246–221 b.c.), of the Macedonian dynasty, son of…

Ptolemy V

(Encyclopedia) Ptolemy V (Ptolemy Epiphanes)Ptolemy Vtŏlˈəmē [key]Ptolemy Vĭpĭfˈənēz [key], d. 180 b.c., king of ancient Egypt (205–180 b.c.), of the Macedonian dynasty, son of Ptolemy IV. He…

Onassis, Aristotle Socrates

(Encyclopedia) Onassis, Aristotle SocratesOnassis, Aristotle Socratesârˌĭstŏtˈəl sŏkˈrətēz ōnăsˈĭs [key], 1906?–75, Greek shipowner and financier, b. Turkey. Leaving Turkey after the Turkish defeat…

Noyes, John Humphrey

(Encyclopedia) Noyes, John Humphrey, 1811–86, American reformer, founder of the Oneida community, b. Brattleboro, Vt. He studied theology at Yale but lost his license to preach because of his “…

Eric XIV

(Encyclopedia) Eric XIV, 1533–77, king of Sweden (1560–68), son and successor of Gustavus I. To strengthen the power of the crown, he limited (1561) the privileges of the royal dukes. He forbade the…

fatwa

(Encyclopedia) fatwa, in Islamic law, an opinion made by a judicial/religious scholar (a mufti) on a legal, civil, or religious matter. The fatwa is usually a valuable source of information on any…