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Gibson, Charles Dana

(Encyclopedia) Gibson, Charles Dana, 1867–1944, American illustrator, b. Roxbury, Mass., studied at the Art Students League and in Paris. His work for Life, Century, Harper's, Scribner's, Collier's…

Streuvels, Stijn

(Encyclopedia) Streuvels, StijnStreuvels, Stijnstīn ströˈvəls [key], pseud. of Frank LateurStreuvels, Stijnfrängk lätörˈ [key], 1871–1969, Flemish novelist and short-story writer; nephew of Guido…

Castracani, Castruccio

(Encyclopedia) Castracani, CastruccioCastracani, Castrucciokästr&oomacr;tˈchō kästräkäˈnē [key], 1281–1328, duke of Lucca. His early life was spent in exile. After his return he was made captain…

Mason, Bobbie Ann

(Encyclopedia) Mason, Bobbie Ann, 1940–, American regional author, b. Mayfield, Ky., grad. Univ. of Kentucky (B.A., 1962), State Univ. of New York, Binghamton (M.A., 1966), Univ. of Connecticut (Ph.D…

chemosynthesis

(Encyclopedia) chemosynthesis, process in which carbohydrates are manufactured from carbon dioxide and water using chemical nutrients as the energy source, rather than the sunlight used for energy in…

city

(Encyclopedia) city, densely populated urban center, larger than a village or a town, whose inhabitants are engaged primarily in commerce and industry. In the United States a city is legally an…

village

(Encyclopedia) village, small rural population unit, held together by common economic and political ties. Based on agricultural production, a village is smaller than a town and has been the normal…

Lycurgus, founder of the Spartan constitution

(Encyclopedia) LycurgusLycurguslīkûrˈgəs [key], traditional name of the founder of the Spartan constitution. The earliest mention of him is in Herodotus. Nothing is known of his life—when he lived or…

Reyles, Carlos

(Encyclopedia) Reyles, CarlosReyles, Carloskärˈlōs rāˈlās [key], 1868–1938, Uruguayan novelist. A wealthy breeder of horses, Reyles traveled extensively and devoted himself to writing. His…

Gérin-Lajoie, Antoine

(Encyclopedia) Gérin-Lajoie, AntoineGérin-Lajoie, AntoineäNtwänˈ zhārăNˈ-läzhwäˈ [key], 1824–82, French Canadian author and journalist, b. Quebec prov. After serving as an editor (1845–52) on the…