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John the Fearless

(Encyclopedia) John the Fearless, 1371–1419, duke of Burgundy (1404–19); son of Philip the Bold. He fought against the Turks at Nikopol in 1396 and was a prisoner for a year until he was ransomed. He…

Mindszenty, József

(Encyclopedia) Mindszenty, JózsefMindszenty, Józsefmĭndˈsĕntē [key], 1892–1975, Hungarian prelate, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was bishop of Veszprém during the German occupation of…

multiple sclerosis

(Encyclopedia) multiple sclerosis (MS), chronic, slowly progressive autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks the protective myelin sheaths that surround the nerve cells of the…

Montezuma

(Encyclopedia) MontezumaMontezumamŏntĕs&oomacr;ˈmä [key] or MoctezumaMoctezumamŏk– [key], 1480?–1520, Aztec emperor (c.1502–1520). He is sometimes called Montezuma II to distinguish him from…

Cousin, Victor

(Encyclopedia) Cousin, VictorCousin, Victorvēktôrˈ [key], 1792–1867, French educational leader and philosopher, founder of the eclectic school. He lectured at the Sorbonne from 1814 until 1821, when…

Du Pont, Eleuthère Irénée

(Encyclopedia) Du Pont, Eleuthère IrénéeDu Pont, Eleuthère Irénéed&oomacr; pŏnt, Fr. ālötĕrˈ ērānāˈ dü pôN [key], 1772–1834, American gunpowder manufacturer, b. Paris, France; son of Pierre…

George II, king of Greece

(Encyclopedia) George II, 1890–1947, king of the Hellenes (1922–23, 1935–47), successor and eldest son of King Constantine I. When Constantine I was forced by the Allies to abdicate in 1917, George,…

bodhisattva

(Encyclopedia) bodhisattvabodhisattvabōˌdĭsätˈwə [key] [Sanskrit,=enlightenment-being], in early Buddhism the term used to refer to the Buddha before he attained supreme enlightenment; more generally…

Böll, Heinrich

(Encyclopedia) Böll, HeinrichBöll, Heinrichhīnˈrĭkh böl [key], 1917–85, German novelist, short-story writer, and playwright. Böll presents a critical, antimilitarist view of modern society in a…

Captain Jack

(Encyclopedia) Captain Jack (d. 1873), subchief of the Modoc and leader of the hostile group in the Modoc War (1872–73). Jack, whose Modoc name was KintpuashCaptain Jackkĭntˈp&oomacr;äsh [key],…