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Kilby, Jack St. Clair

(Encyclopedia) Kilby, Jack St. Clair, 1923–2005, American electrical engineer, b. Jefferson City, Mo., B.S. Univ. of Illinois, 1947, M.S. Univ. of Wisconsin, 1950. In 1958, Kilby began working for…

Hades

(Encyclopedia) HadesHadeshāˈdēz [key], in Greek and Roman religion and mythology. 1 The ruler of the underworld: see Pluto. 2 The world of the dead, ruled by Pluto and Persephone, located either…

Innocent VIII

(Encyclopedia) Innocent VIII, 1432–92, pope (1484–92), a Genoese named Giovanni Battista Cibo; successor of Sixtus IV. He was made a cardinal in 1473. His close friend, Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere…

Loewy, Raymond Fernand

(Encyclopedia) Loewy, Raymond Fernand, 1893–1986, American designer, b. Paris, France. He emigrated in 1919, settling in New York City; he became a U.S. citizen in 1938. Known as the father of…

curculio

(Encyclopedia) curculiocurculiokərky&oomacr;ˈlēō [key], name applied to various weevils (members of the snout beetle family, or Curculionidae), especially those that attack fruit. The term is…

Challoner, Richard

(Encyclopedia) Challoner, RichardChalloner, Richardchălˈənər [key], 1691–1781, English Roman Catholic prelate. Brought up a Protestant, he became a Roman Catholic in his teens and was ordained in…

Friedan, Betty Naomi

(Encyclopedia) Friedan, Betty NaomiFriedan, Betty Naomifrēdănˈ [key], 1921–2006, American social reformer and feminist, b. Peoria, Ill. as Bettye Goldstein, educated at Smith College (B.A., 1942) and…

Galla Placidia

(Encyclopedia) Galla PlacidiaGalla Placidiagălˈə pləsĭdˈēə [key], c.388–450, Roman empress of the West, daughter of Theodosius I. Captured by Alaric I in the course of his Italian campaign, she was…

Fischer, Bobby

(Encyclopedia) Fischer, Bobby (Robert James Fischer)Fischer, Bobbyfĭshˈər [key], 1943–2008, American chess player, b. Chicago. In 1958, he became a grandmaster, the youngest to that time. In the…

Bunin, Ivan Alekseyevich

(Encyclopedia) Bunin, Ivan AlekseyevichBunin, Ivan Alekseyevichb&oomacr;ˈnĭn, Rus. ēvänˈ əlyĭksyāˈyəvĭch b&oomacr;ˈnyĭn [key], 1870–1953, Russian writer. Born of a poor aristocratic family,…