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heat of combustion

(Encyclopedia) heat of combustion, heat released during combustion. In particular, it is the amount of heat released when a given amount (usually 1 mole) of a combustible pure substance is burned to…

Haeckel, Ernst Heinrich

(Encyclopedia) Haeckel, Ernst HeinrichHaeckel, Ernst Heinrichĕrnst hīnˈrĭkh hĕˈkəl [key], 1834–1919, German biologist and philosopher. He taught (1862–1909) at the Univ. of Jena. An early exponent of…

checkers

(Encyclopedia) checkers, game for two players, known in England as draughts. It is played on a square board, divided into 64 alternately colored—usually red and black or white and black—square spaces…

Kérékou, Mathieu

(Encyclopedia) Kérékou, MathieuKérékou, Mathieumätyöˈ kāˈkāk&oomacr; [key], 1933–2015, Beninois military and political leader, b. French Dahomey (now Benin). Serving in the military, he…

Laughlin, Robert Betts

(Encyclopedia) Laughlin, Robert Betts, 1950–, American physicist, b. Visalia, Calif., Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1979. Laughlin was a researcher at Lawrence Livermore National…

elegy

(Encyclopedia) elegy, in Greek and Roman poetry, a poem written in elegiac verse (i.e., couplets consisting of a hexameter line followed by a pentameter line). The form dates back to 7th cent. b.c.…

stalactite ornament

(Encyclopedia) stalactite ornament, type of ornament characteristic of Islamic architecture. Generally executed in wood or in plaster over a wood or brick base, it consists of little vertical…

muscular dystrophy

(Encyclopedia) muscular dystrophymuscular dystrophydĭsˈtrōfē [key], any of several inherited diseases characterized by progressive wasting of the skeletal muscles. There are five main forms of the…

oxidation and reduction

(Encyclopedia) oxidation and reduction, complementary chemical reactions characterized by the loss or gain, respectively, of one or more electrons by an atom or molecule. Originally the term…

Des Plaines, river, United States

(Encyclopedia) Des Plaines, river, 110 mi (177 km) long, rising in SE Wis., and flowing S and SW through NE Ill., joining the Kankakee River S of Joliet, Ill., to form the Illinois River. The lower…