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birth defects

(Encyclopedia) birth defects, abnormalities in physical or mental structure or function that are present at birth. They range from minor to seriously deforming or life-threatening. A major defect of…

Tonti, Henri de

(Encyclopedia) Tonti or Tonty, Henri deTonti or Tonty, Henri deboth: äNrēˈ də tôNtēˈ [key], c.1650–1704, French explorer in North America, b. Italy. Serving in the French army, he lost a hand in…

Molière, Jean Baptiste Poquelin

(Encyclopedia) Molière, Jean Baptiste PoquelinMolière, Jean Baptiste PoquelinzhäN bätēstˈ pôklăNˈ môlyĕrˈ [key], 1622–73, French playwright and actor, b. Paris; son of a merchant who was upholsterer…

Fustel de Coulanges, Numa Denis

(Encyclopedia) Fustel de Coulanges, Numa DenisFustel de Coulanges, Numa Denisnümäˈ dənēˈ füstĕlˈ də k&oomacr;läNzhˈ [key], 1830–89, French historian. His masterly study, La Cité antique (1864, tr…

Chassériau, Théodore

(Encyclopedia) Chassériau, ThéodoreChassériau, Théodoretāōdôrˈ shäsārēōˈ [key], 1819–56, French painter, b. Santo Domingo. He entered Ingres's studio at the age of 12; five years later he gained…

Chicago, river, United States

(Encyclopedia) Chicago, river, formed in Chicago by the junction of its North Branch (24 mi/39 km long) and South Branch (10 mi/16 km long), and flowing southeast via a canal into the Des Plaines…

Desmoulins, Camille

(Encyclopedia) Desmoulins, CamilleDesmoulins, Camillekämēˈyə dām&oomacr;lăNˈ [key], 1760–94, French revolutionary and journalist. His oratory of July 12, 1789, contributed to the storming of the…

Lafosse, Charles de

(Encyclopedia) Lafosse or La Fosse, Charles deLafosse or La Fosse, Charles deshärl də lä fôs [key], 1636–1716, French painter. A pupil of Le Brun, he was more influenced by Veronese and Correggio,…

Kawakubo, Rei

(Encyclopedia) Kawakubo, Rei, 1942–, Japanese fashion designer, b. Tokyo. After working for a textile manufacturer, she became (1967) a freelance stylist, founded (1969) the fashion label Comme des…