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Adams, Brooks

(Encyclopedia) Adams, Brooks, 1848–1927, American historian, b. Quincy, Mass.; son of Charles Francis Adams (1807–86). His theory that civilization rose and fell according to the growth and decline…

Pol Pot

(Encyclopedia) Pol Pot, 1925–98, Cambodian political leader, originally named Saloth Sar. Paris-educated, and a Khmer Communist leader from 1960, he led Khmer Rouge guerrillas against the government…

Azaña, Manuel

(Encyclopedia) Azaña, ManuelAzaña, Manuelmänwĕlˈ äthäˈnyä [key], 1880–1940, Spanish statesman. An author and critic, he gained prominence as president (1930) of the Madrid Ateneo, a literary and…

Obuchi, Keizo

(Encyclopedia) Obuchi, KeizoObuchi, Keizokāˈzō ōb&oomacr;ˈchē [key], 1937–2000, Japanese politician, prime minister of Japan (1998–2000), b. Nakanojo. The son of a silk manufacturer and…

Thaçi, Hashim

(Encyclopedia) Thaçi, HashimThaçi, Hashimhäshēmˈ thäˈchē [key], 1968–, Kosovar political leader. An ethnic Albanian, he studied history and politics at Priština Univ., becoming active in Kosovo's…

von der Leyen, Ursula

(Encyclopedia) von der Leyen, Ursula, 1958–, German politician, b. Brussels, Belgium, as Ursula Albrecht. She studied economics and medicine, worked (1988–92) at Hanover Medical School's (MHH)…

Essebsi, Beji Caid

(Encyclopedia) Essebsi, Beji CaidEssebsi, Beji Caidbäˈzhē cäˈĭd əsĕbˈsē [key], 1926–2019, Tunisian political leader. A lawyer and ally of President Bourguiba, he held several posts in his and…

Foot, Michael

(Encyclopedia) Foot, Michael, 1913–2010, British politician. He joined the Labour party in the 1930s, entered Parliament in 1945, and served there until 1992. An superb debater and orator, he became…

Ford Foundation

(Encyclopedia) Ford Foundation, philanthropic institution, established (1936) in Michigan by Henry Ford and his son, Edsel, for the general purpose of advancing human welfare. Until 1950 the…

Collor de Mello, Fernando

(Encyclopedia) Collor de Mello, FernandoCollor de Mello, FernandofərnäNd&oomacr; kôlôrˈ də mĕlˈ&oomacr; [key], 1949–, president of Brazil (1990–92). In 1990, he became the youngest president…