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Pittsfield

(Encyclopedia) Pittsfield, city (1990 pop. 48,622), seat of Berkshire co., W Mass., between mountain ranges, on branches of the Housatonic River; inc. as a town 1761, as a city 1889. The city is the…

Spotsylvania

(Encyclopedia) SpotsylvaniaSpotsylvaniaspŏtˌsĭlvāˈnyə [key], rural county (1990 pop. 57,403), NE Va., formerly part of the estate of Alexander Spotswood, colonial governor of Virginia. It was the…

reductions

(Encyclopedia) reductions, Span. reducciones, settlements of indigenous peoples in colonial Latin America, founded (beginning in 1609) to utilize efficiently native labor and to teach the natives the…

Seaton, John Colborne, 1st Baron

(Encyclopedia) Seaton, John Colborne, 1st Baron, 1778–1863, British soldier and colonial administrator. He served in Egypt (1801) and Sicily (1806), participated (1808–14) in the Peninsular War, and…

Talca

(Encyclopedia) TalcaTalcatälˈkä [key], city (1990 est. pop. 164,500), capital of Maule region, S central Chile, in the central valley of Chile between Santiago and Concepción. Chile's greatest wine-…

Gooch, Sir William

(Encyclopedia) Gooch, Sir WilliamGooch, Sir Williamg&oomacr;ch [key], 1681–1751, colonial governor of Virginia (1727–49), b. Yarmouth, England. He came to Virginia after distinguished service…

Guanajuato, city, Mexico

(Encyclopedia) Guanajuato, city, capital of Guanajuato state, W central Mexico. The city, with an altitude of c.6,600 ft (2,000 m), is situated in the…

Palmares

(Encyclopedia) Palmares or Quilombo dos Palmares, former autonomous community of villages comprised of fugitive African slaves and indigenous peoples, present-day Pernambuco and Alagoas states, NE…

Mohawk Trail

(Encyclopedia) Mohawk Trail. 1 Old road (c.100 mi/160 km long) in central New York state following the Mohawk River. It was the sole route through the Appalachians by which thousands of settlers…

Martin, Josiah

(Encyclopedia) Martin, Josiah, 1737–86, British colonial governor, b. West Indies. An army officer, he had attained the rank of lieutenant colonel when he was appointed governor of North Carolina in…