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Smith, Alfred Emanuel

(Encyclopedia) Smith, Alfred Emanuel, 1873–1944, American political leader, b. New York City. Reared in poor surroundings, he had no formal education beyond grade school and took various jobs—…

Sirleaf, Ellen Johnson

(Encyclopedia) Sirleaf, Ellen JohnsonSirleaf, Ellen Johnsonsĭrlēfˈ [key], 1938–, Liberian economist and political leader. Educated in the United States (M.P.A. Harvard, 1971), she worked in the…

party, political

(Encyclopedia) party, political, organization whose aim is to gain control of the government apparatus, usually through the election of its candidates to public office. Political parties take many…

anti–Vietnam War movement

(Encyclopedia) anti–Vietnam War movement, domestic and international reaction (1965–73) in opposition to U.S. policy during the Vietnam War. During the four years following passage of the Tonkin Gulf…

astronaut

(Encyclopedia) astronaut, crew member on a U.S. manned spaceflight mission; the Soviet term is cosmonaut. Candidates for manned spaceflight are carefully screened to meet the highest physical and…

Cyril and Methodius, Saints

(Encyclopedia) Cyril and Methodius, SaintsCyril and Methodius, Saintssĭrˈəl; [key]Cyril and Methodius, Saintsməthōˈdēəs [key], d. 869 and 884, respectively, Greek missionaries, brothers, called…

Flynn, Michael Thomas

(Encyclopedia) Flynn, Michael Thomas, 1958–, U.S. military officer and government official, b. Middletown, R.I., Univ. of Rhode Island (B.S., 1981).…

Warren, Elizabeth

(Encyclopedia) Warren, Elizabeth, 1949- , American politician, b. Oklahoma City, Ok., as Elizabeth Ann Herring, Univ. of Houston (1970, B.S.);…

Khatami, Mohammad

(Encyclopedia) Khatami, MohammadKhatami, Mohammadkhätˈämē [key], 1943–, Iranian religious and political leader. From a prominent clerical family, Khatami opposed the regime of Muhammad Reza Shah…

Duke, David Ernest

(Encyclopedia) Duke, David Ernest, 1950-, American far-right politician and Klan leader, b. Tulsa, Ok., Louisiana State Univ. (B.A., 1974). Duke’s…