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fallacy

(Encyclopedia) fallacy, in logic, a term used to characterize an invalid argument. Strictly speaking, it refers only to the transition from a set of premises to a conclusion, and is distinguished…

breakwater

(Encyclopedia) breakwater, offshore structure to protect a harbor from wave energy or deflect currents. When it also serves as a pier, it is called a quay; when covered by a roadway it is called a…

Berruguete, Alonso

(Encyclopedia) Berruguete, AlonsoBerruguete, Alonsoälōnˈsō bĕr–r&oomacr;gāˈtā [key], c.1480–1561, Spanish mannerist sculptor. Probably the first in Spain to break away from the High Renaissance…

relay

(Encyclopedia) relay, electromechanical switch operated by a flow of electricity in one circuit and controlling the flow of electricity in another circuit. A relay consists basically of an…

pneumothorax

(Encyclopedia) pneumothoraxpneumothoraxn&oomacr;mōthôrˈăks [key], collapse of a lung with escape of air into the pleural cavity between the lung and the chest wall. The cause may be traumatic (e.…

Gregory XVI

(Encyclopedia) Gregory XVI, 1765–1846, pope (1831–46), an Italian named Bartolomeo Alberto Capellari, b. Belluno; successor of Pius VIII. In 1783 he became a Camaldolite and was (1825) created…

Grenville, Sir Richard

(Encyclopedia) Grenville, Sir Richard, 1542?–1591, English naval hero. His cousin, Sir Walter Raleigh, gave him command of the fleet of seven vessels carrying the first colonists to Roanoke Island in…

Karplus, Martin

(Encyclopedia) Karplus, Martin, 1930–, Austrian-American theoretical chemist, b. Vienna, Ph.D. California Institute of Technology, 1953. He has been a professor at Harvard since 1967, studying the…