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Lombard League

(Encyclopedia) Lombard League, an alliance formed in 1167 among the communes of Lombardy to resist Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I when he attempted to assert his imperial authority in Lombardy.…

avalanche

(Encyclopedia) avalanche, rapidly descending large mass of snow, ice, soil, rock, or mixtures of these materials, sliding or falling in response to the force of gravity. Avalanches, which are natural…

phenylketonuria

(Encyclopedia) phenylketonuriaphenylketonuriafĕnˌəlkētˌən&oobreve;rˈēə [key] (PKU), inherited metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency in a specific enzyme (phenylalanine hydroxylase). The…

defense mechanism

(Encyclopedia) defense mechanism, in psychoanalysis, any of a variety of unconscious personality reactions which the ego uses to protect the conscious mind from threatening feelings and perceptions.…

Frémont, Jessie Benton

(Encyclopedia) Frémont, Jessie BentonFrémont, Jessie Bentonfrēˈmŏnt [key], 1824–1902, American author, b. Lexington, Va.; daughter of Thomas H. Benton and wife of John Charles Frémont. Her elopement…

feather star

(Encyclopedia) feather star, common name of a class of echinoderms that, as juveniles, are attached to the sea bottom by a stalk with rootlike branches; the mouth side faces upward. In the adult…

Warshel, Arieh

(Encyclopedia) Warshel, Arieh, 1940–, Israeli-American chemist, b. Kibbutz Sde Nahum (in what is now Israel), Ph.D. Weizmann Institute, 1969. He has been a professor at the Univ. of Southern…

thermostat

(Encyclopedia) thermostat, automatic device that regulates temperature in an enclosed area by controlling heating or refrigerating systems. It is commonly connected to one of these systems, turning…

Shehu, Mehmet

(Encyclopedia) Shehu, MehmetShehu, Mehmetmĕmĕtˈ shĕˈh&oomacr; [key], 1913–81, Albanian political leader, premier (1954–81). A member of the Communist party, he was active in the anti-Fascist…

Testament of Moses

(Encyclopedia) Testament of Moses, an early Jewish apocalypse discovered in 1861 and extant only in an incomplete 6th cent. a.d. Latin manuscript. The original work was probably written in Hebrew in…