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Clark, William Smith

(Encyclopedia) Clark, William Smith, 1826–86, American educator, b. Ashfield, Mass., grad. Amherst, 1848, and studied chemistry and botany at Göttingen (Ph.D., 1852). He taught at Amherst until the…

Kastler, Alfred

(Encyclopedia) Kastler, Alfred, 1902–84, German-born French physicist, Ph.D. Univ. of Bordeaux, 1936. Kastler was a lecturer at Clermont-Ferrand Univ. (1936–38), professor at the Univ. of Bordeaux (…

Lawrie, Lee

(Encyclopedia) Lawrie, LeeLawrie, Leelōˈrē [key], 1877–1963, American sculptor, b. Germany. Brought to America as an infant, he studied with Augustus Saint-Gaudens and Philip Martiny. Lawrie…

Schmidt, Wilhelm

(Encyclopedia) Schmidt, Wilhelm, 1868–1954, German linguist and anthropologist, a Roman Catholic priest. Educated at the universities of Berlin and Vienna, he entered the Society of the Divine Word…

Pennsylvania State University

(Encyclopedia) Pennsylvania State University, main campus at University Park, State College; land-grant and state supported; coeducational; chartered 1855, opened 1859 as Farmers' High School. It was…

hedging

(Encyclopedia) hedging, in commerce, method by which traders use two counterbalancing investment strategies so as to minimize any losses caused by price fluctuations. It is generally used by traders…

mutiny

(Encyclopedia) mutiny, concerted disobedient or seditious action by persons in military or naval service, or by sailors on commercial vessels. Mutiny may range from a combined refusal to obey orders…

xylene

(Encyclopedia) xylenexylenezīˈlēn [key] or dimethylbenzenexylenedīˌmĕthəlbĕnˈzēn [key], C6H4(CH3)2, colorless, oily, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon, used extensively as a solvent, obtained from coal tar…

Vermigli, Pietro Martire

(Encyclopedia) Vermigli, Pietro MartireVermigli, Pietro Martirepyĕˈtrō märtēˈrā vārmēˈlyē [key], 1500–1562, Italian Protestant reformer, also known as Peter Martyr. He joined the Augustinian canons…

amphitheater

(Encyclopedia) amphitheateramphitheaterămˈfəthēˌətər, ămˈpə– [key], open structure used for the exhibition of gladiatorial contests, struggles of wild beasts, sham sea battles, and similar spectacles…