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Bolaño, Roberto

(Encyclopedia) Bolaño, RobertoBolaño, Robertobōlänˈyō [key], 1953–2003, Chilean novelist widely regarded as the most influential Spanish-language writer of his generation. He led a peripatetic life,…

Jiang Qing

(Encyclopedia) Jiang Qing or Chiang Ch'ingChiang Ch'ingboth: jyäng jĭng [key], 1914–91, Chinese Communist political leader, wife of Mao Zedong. Born Li Jinhai or Li Shumeng, she was later known as Li…

Dole, Sanford Ballard

(Encyclopedia) Dole, Sanford Ballard, 1844–1926, Hawaiian statesman, b. Honolulu, of American missionary parents. After education in the United States he returned to Hawaii and became prominent in…

Fersen, Count Hans Axel

(Encyclopedia) Fersen, Count Hans Axel, 1755–1810, Swedish soldier and diplomat; son of Count Fredrik Axel Fersen. He entered (1779) the French service, was aide-de-camp of comte de Rochambeau in the…

Immigration Milestones

A Nation of Immigrants The U.S. is a nation of immigrants. The first wave of immigrants to colonial America, from England, France, Germany, and other northern European countries, were fleeing…

socialism

(Encyclopedia) socialism, general term for the political and economic theory that advocates a system of collective or government ownership and management of the means of production and distribution…

Lee, Ann

(Encyclopedia) Lee, Ann, 1736–84, English religious visionary, founder of the Shakers in America. Born in Manchester, she worked there in the cotton factories and then became a cook. In 1762 she was…

Vaillant, George Clapp

(Encyclopedia) Vaillant, George ClappVaillant, George Clappvălˈyănt [key], 1901–45, American archaeologist, b. Boston; grad. Harvard (B.A., 1922; Ph.D., 1927). At the American Museum of Natural…

Seven Years War

(Encyclopedia) Seven Years War, 1756–63, worldwide war fought in Europe, North America, and India between France, Austria, Russia, Saxony, Sweden, and (after 1762) Spain on the one side and Prussia,…

Spanish-American literature

(Encyclopedia) Spanish-American literature, the writings of both the European explorers of Spanish America and its later inhabitants. See also Spanish literature; Portuguese literature; Brazilian…