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Wertmüller, Lina

(Encyclopedia) Wertmüller, Lina, 1928–2021, Italian film director, b. Archangela as Felice Assunta Wertmüller von Elgg Spañol von Braucich. In the…

Philadelphia Orchestra

(Encyclopedia) Philadelphia Orchestra, founded 1900 by Fritz Scheel, who was its conductor until his death in 1907. Scheel was followed by Karl Pohlig (1907–12). Under the leadership (1912–38) of…

cognitive psychology

(Encyclopedia) cognitive psychology, school of psychology that examines internal mental processes such as problem solving, memory, and language. It had its foundations in the Gestalt psychology of…

Humboldt, Alexander, Freiherr von

(Encyclopedia) Humboldt, Alexander, Freiherr vonHumboldt, Alexander, Freiherr vonhŭmˈbōlt, Ger. älĕksänˈdər frīˈhĕr fən h&oobreve;mˈbôlt [key], 1769–1859, German naturalist, inventor, explorer,…

monad

(Encyclopedia) monad: see Bruno, Giordano; Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Baron von.

Grossbeeren

(Encyclopedia) GrossbeerenGrossbeerengrōsbārˈən [key], village, Brandenburg, E Germany. There, in 1813, Friedrich Wilhelm von Bülow, using the Prussian militia for the first time, defeated the French…

Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von

(Encyclopedia) Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand vonHelmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand vonhĕrˈmän l&oomacr;tˈvĭkh fĕrˈdēnänt fən hĕlmˈhôlts [key], 1821–94, German scientist. Although known…

Holstein, Friedrich von

(Encyclopedia) Holstein, Friedrich vonHolstein, Friedrich vonfrēˈdrĭkh fən hôlˈshtīn [key], 1837–1909, German diplomat. After the Congress of Berlin (1878) he became a powerful figure in shaping…

Hutten, Ulrich von

(Encyclopedia) Hutten, Ulrich vonHutten, Ulrich von&oobreve;lˈrĭkh fən h&oobreve;tˈən [key], 1488–1523, German humanist and poet, partisan of the Reformation, an outstanding figure in German…

Frundsberg, Georg von

(Encyclopedia) Frundsberg, Georg vonFrundsberg, Georg vongāˈôrkh fən fr&oobreve;ntsˈbĕrkh [key], 1473–1528, German commander in the service of Holy Roman emperors Maximilian I and Charles V. He…