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Berlin Philharmonic

(Encyclopedia) Berlin Philharmonic, orchestra, Berlin, Germany, founded 1882 by musicans who had left an ensemble led by Benjamin Bilse. The orchestra performs in the modernist Philharmonie concert…

Gluck, Christoph Willibald von

(Encyclopedia) Gluck, Christoph Willibald vonGluck, Christoph Willibald vonkrĭsˈtôf vĭlˈēbält fən gl&oobreve;k [key], 1714–87, German-born operatic composer. Gluck revolutionized opera by…

Scharnhorst, Gerhard Johann David von

(Encyclopedia) Scharnhorst, Gerhard Johann David vonScharnhorst, Gerhard Johann David vongĕrˈhärt yōˈhän däˈvēt fən shärnˈhôrst [key], 1755–1813, Prussian general. A Hanoverian army officer, military…

Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von

(Encyclopedia) Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph vonSchelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph vonfrēˈdrĭkh vĭlˈhĕlm yōˈzĕf fən shĕˈlĭng [key], 1775–1854, German philosopher. After theological study at…

Nazarenes

(Encyclopedia) NazarenesNazarenesnăzˈərēnz [key], group of German artists of the early 19th cent., who attempted to revive Christian art. In 1809, J. F. Overbeck and Franz Pforr formed an art…

Kaunitz, Wenzel Anton, Fürst von

(Encyclopedia) Kaunitz, Wenzel Anton, Fürst vonKaunitz, Wenzel Anton, Fürst vonvĕnˈtsəl änˈtôn fürst fən kouˈnĭts [key], 1711–94, Austrian statesman. He distinguished himself as a negotiator of the…

Dalin, Olof von

(Encyclopedia) Dalin, Olof vonDalin, Olof von&oomacr;ˈlôv fən dälēnˈ [key], 1708–63, Swedish historian, poet, and journalist, the foremost figure of the Swedish Enlightenment. In his successful…

Gesner, Konrad von

(Encyclopedia) Gesner, Konrad vonGesner, Konrad vonkônˈrät fən gĕsˈnər [key], 1516–65, Swiss scientist and bibliographer. Gesner was noted for his scholarship and erudition in almost every field of…

Brühl, Heinrich, Graf von

(Encyclopedia) Brühl, Heinrich, Graf vonBrühl, Heinrich, Graf vonhīnˈrĭkh gräfˈ fən brül [key], 1700–1763, Saxon statesman. He was adviser to Augustus II, king of Poland and elector of Saxony, and…

Stein, Lorenz von

(Encyclopedia) Stein, Lorenz vonStein, Lorenz vonlōˈrĕnts fən shtīn [key], 1815–90, German economist and sociologist. He studied jurisprudence at the Univ. of Kiel and at Paris and taught (1846–51)…