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Robert Guiscard

(Encyclopedia) Robert GuiscardRobert Guiscardgēskärˈ [key], c.1015–1085, Norman conqueror of S Italy, a son of Tancred de Hauteville (see Normans). Robert joined (c.1046) his brothers in S Italy and…

Livonian Brothers of the Sword

(Encyclopedia) Livonian Brothers of the Sword or Livonian KnightsLivonian Knightslĭvōˈnēən [key], German military and religious order, founded in 1202 by Bishop Albert of Livonia for the purpose of…

Nicholas I, czar of Russia

(Encyclopedia) Nicholas I, 1796–1855, czar of Russia (1825–55), third son of Paul I. His brother and predecessor, Alexander I, died childless (1825). Constantine, Paul's second son, was next in…

Flüe, Nicholas von der, Saint

(Encyclopedia) Flüe, Nicholas von der, SaintFlüe, Nicholas von der, Saintfən dĕr flüˈə [key], 1417–87, Swiss patriot and folk hero. He was leader of the cantonal forces fighting Austria and counselor…

Constantine, Russian grand duke

(Encyclopedia) Constantine (Konstantin Pavlovich)Constantinekənstəntyēnˈ pävˈləvĭch [key], 1779–1831, Russian grand duke, second son of Czar Paul I and brother of Alexander I and Nicholas I. On the…

Nicholas I, Saint, pope

(Encyclopedia) Nicholas I, Saint, c.825–867, pope (858–67), a Roman; successor of Benedict III. He was a vigorous and politically active pope who arbitrated both temporal and religious disputes. His…

James, Saint (St. James the Greater)

(Encyclopedia) James, Saint, d. c.a.d. 43, in the Bible, one of the Twelve Apostles, called St. James the Greater. He was the son of Zebedee and the brother of St. John; these brothers were the…

Vansittart, Nicholas, 1st Baron Bexley

(Encyclopedia) Vansittart, Nicholas, 1st Baron BexleyVansittart, Nicholas, 1st Baron Bexleyvănˈsĭtärt [key], 1766–1851, British politician. He entered Parliament in 1796, was joint secretary of the…

Roerich, Nicholas Konstantin

(Encyclopedia) Roerich, Nicholas KonstantinRoerich, Nicholas Konstantinnēˈkōlous kənstəntyēnˈ rörˈĭkh [key], 1874–1947, Russian artist, scene designer, and archaeologist. He was connected with the…