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Cuthbert, Saint

(Encyclopedia) Cuthbert, SaintCuthbert, Saintkŭthˈbərt [key], c.a.d. 635–a.d. 687, Celtic monk, bishop at Lindisfarne (685–86). He spent some time in the monastery at Ripon. When St. Wilfrid…

Polycarp, Saint

(Encyclopedia) Polycarp, SaintPolycarp, Saintpŏlˈĭkärp [key], c.a.d. 70–a.d. 156?, Greek bishop of Smyrna, Father of the Church. He was a disciple of St. John, who appointed him bishop. Thus he…

Billings, William

(Encyclopedia) Billings, William, 1746–1800, American hymn composer, b. Boston. A tanner by trade, he was one of the earliest American-born composers. He wrote popular hymns and sacred choruses of…

Christmas

(Encyclopedia) Christmas [Christ's Mass], in the Christian calendar, feast of the nativity of Jesus, celebrated in Roman Catholic and Protestant Churches on Dec. 25. In liturgical importance it ranks…

Whitby, Synod of

(Encyclopedia) Whitby, Synod of, called by King Oswy of Northumbria in 663 at Whitby, England. Its purpose was to choose between the usages of the Celtic and Roman churches, primarily in the matter…

Griffith, Arthur

(Encyclopedia) Griffith, Arthur, 1872–1922, Irish statesman, founder of Sinn Féin. He joined the nationalist movement as a young man. In 1899 he founded the United Irishman, in which he advocated…

Devoy, John

(Encyclopedia) Devoy, JohnDevoy, Johndĭvoiˈ [key], 1842–1928, Irish-American journalist and Irish revolutionary, b. Ireland. He joined the Irish Republican Brotherhood (see Fenian movement) in 1861.…

pogrom

(Encyclopedia) pogrompogrompōˈgrəm, pōgrŏmˈ [key], Russian term, originally meaning “riot,” that came to be applied to a series of violent attacks on Jews in Russia in the late 19th and early 20th…

Casement, Sir Roger David

(Encyclopedia) Casement, Sir Roger David, 1864–1916, Irish revolutionary. While in British consular service, he exposed (1904) the atrocious exploitation of wild-rubber gatherers in the Congo (thus…

Augustine of Canterbury, Saint

(Encyclopedia) Augustine of Canterbury, SaintAugustine of Canterbury, Saintôˈgəstēn, –tĭn; ôgŭsˈtĭn [key], d. c.605, Italian missionary, called the Apostle of the English, first archbishop of…