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nuclear winter

(Encyclopedia) nuclear winter, theory holding that the smoke and dust produced by a large nuclear war would result in a prolonged period of cold on the earth. The earliest version of the theory,…

Rhys, Jean

(Encyclopedia) Rhys, JeanRhys, Jeanrēs [key], pseud. of Ella Gwendoline Rees Williams, 1894–1979, English novelist, b. Dominica. Her novels written in the 1930s mercilessly exploit her own emotional…

metaphysical poets

(Encyclopedia) metaphysical poets, name given to a group of English lyric poets of the 17th cent. The term was first used by Samuel Johnson (1744). The hallmark of their poetry is the metaphysical…

Metchnikoff, Élie

(Encyclopedia) Metchnikoff, ÉlieMetchnikoff, Élieālēˈ mĕchˈnĭkôf [key], 1845–1916, Russian biologist. He studied in Russia and Germany, lectured at the Univ. of Odessa, and, after working with…

Vattel, Emerich de

(Encyclopedia) Vattel, Emerich deVattel, Emerich deāˈmərĭkh də vätĕlˈ [key], 1714–67, Swiss philosopher and jurist. He served (1746–58) as Saxon minister at Bern and later in the cabinet of Augustus…

Pasolini, Pier Paolo

(Encyclopedia) Pasolini, Pier PaoloPasolini, Pier Paolopyĕr päˈōlō päsōlēˈnē [key], 1922–75, Italian writer and film director. A former Roman Catholic and a Marxist, Pasolini brought to his work a…

Lawrence, Jacob

(Encyclopedia) Lawrence, Jacob (Jacob Armstead Lawrence), 1917–2000, American painter, b. Atlantic City, N.J. One of the most important African-American artists of the late 20th cent., Lawrence…

Graves, Robert Ranke

(Encyclopedia) Graves, Robert Ranke, 1895–1985, English poet, novelist, and critic; son of Alfred Percival Graves. He established his reputation with Good-bye to All That (1929), an outspoken book on…

Micheaux, Oscar Devereaux

(Encyclopedia) Micheaux, Oscar Devereaux, 1884–1951, American filmmaker and author, b. Metropolis, Ill. The son of former slaves, Micheaux first worked as a Pullman porter, then was a homesteader in…