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flame

(Encyclopedia) flame, phenomenon associated with the chemical reaction of a gas that has been heated above its kindling temperature with some other gas, usually atmospheric oxygen (see combustion).…

tannin

(Encyclopedia) tannin,&sp;tannic acid, or gallotannic acid, astringent vegetable product found in a wide variety of plants. Sources include the bark of oak, hemlock, chestnut, and mangrove; the…

Johnson, Jack

(Encyclopedia) Johnson, Jack (John Arthur Johnson), 1878–1946, American boxer, b. Galveston, Tex., the son of two ex-slaves. Emerging from the battle royals (dehumanizing fights between blacks for…

malnutrition

(Encyclopedia) malnutrition, insufficiency of one or more nutritional elements necessary for health and well-being. Primary malnutrition is caused by the lack of essential foodstuffs—usually vitamins…

Peacock, Thomas Love

(Encyclopedia) Peacock, Thomas Love, 1785–1866, English novelist and poet. He was employed by the East India Company from 1819 to 1856, serving as its chief examiner the final 20 years. Peacock's…

electric shock

(Encyclopedia) electric shock, effect of the passage of a current of electricity through the body. Fatality may result from shocks of from 1 to 2 amperes and 500 to 1,000 volts. However, the effect…

Motlanthe, Kgalema Petrus

(Encyclopedia) Motlanthe, Kgalema PetrusMotlanthe, Kgalema Petruskälāˈmä, mōtlänˈtā [key], 1949–, South African politician, b. Johannesburg. A fierce opponent of apartheid, he was influenced by Steve…

Rio Branco, José Maria da Silva Paranhos, barão do

(Encyclopedia) Rio Branco, José Maria da Silva Paranhos, barão doRio Branco, José Maria da Silva Paranhos, barão dozh&oobreve;zĕˈ mərēˈə də sēlˈvə pəräˈny&oobreve;s bərouNˈ d&oobreve; rēˈ…

L'Amour, Louis

(Encyclopedia) L'Amour, Louis, 1908–88, American writer of western fiction, b. Jamestown, N.Dak., as Louis Dearborn LaMoore. He began writing in the 1940s, contributing stories to magazines under the…

Brewer's: Burn

His money burns a hole in his pocket. He cannot keep it in his pocket, or forbear spending it. To burn one's boats. To cut oneself off from all means or hope of retreat. The allusion is…