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Commonwealth Fund

(Encyclopedia) Commonwealth Fund, foundation established (1918) by Anna M. Harkness, wife of Stephen V. Harkness, an early Standard Oil investor, “for the welfare of mankind.” Its headquarters are in…

Foster, Abigail Kelley

(Encyclopedia) Foster, Abigail Kelley, 1810–87, American abolitionist and advocate of women's rights, b. near Amherst, Mass. Abby Kelley, as she was known to her contemporaries, began her crusade…

Gombos, Julius

(Encyclopedia) Gombos, JuliusGombos, Juliusgömˈbösh [key], Hung. Gömbös Gyula, 1886–1936, Hungarian premier and officer. He was minister of war under the premiership of Stephen Bethlen (1921–31) and…

Borough, William

(Encyclopedia) Borough, William, 1536–99, British naval officer. A younger brother of Stephen Borough, William accompanied him on early voyages and was himself a captain for the Muscovy Company. As a…

Say, Thomas

(Encyclopedia) Say, Thomas, 1787–1843, American naturalist, b. Philadelphia. He went on collecting expeditions to Georgia and Florida and, with Stephen H. Long, to the Rocky Mts. and up the…

Austin, Moses

(Encyclopedia) Austin, Moses, 1761–1821, American pioneer, b. Durham, Conn. After developing lead mines in SW Virginia, he went to inspect (1796–97) prospects in Missouri, then Spanish territory. In…

Sondheim, Stephen Joshua

(Encyclopedia) Sondheim, Stephen Joshua Sondheim, Stephen Joshua sôndˈhīm [key], 1930–2021, American composer and…

Austin, Stephen Fuller

(Encyclopedia) Austin, Stephen Fuller, 1793–1836, American leader of colonization in Texas, known as the Father of Texas, b. Wythe co., Va.; son of Moses Austin. He grew up in Missouri, studied at…

Arthur Schawlow Biography

Arthur SchawlowAge: 77 Nobel-winning physicist who collaborated with Dr. Charles H. Townes in the development of Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation, now commonly known as…