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The House of Representatives — 110th Congress

In the following lists, the numeral indicates the congressional district represented; AL is for representatives at large. All terms run from Jan. 2007 to Jan. 2009. See also: Current and…

Roses, Wars of the

(Encyclopedia) Roses, Wars of the, traditional name given to the intermittent struggle (1455–85) for the throne of England between the noble houses of York (whose badge was a white rose) and…

Nobel Prize for Chemistry

The following table lists every winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, from 1901 through 2016. For years not listed, no award was made. 1901Jacobus H. van't Hoff (Netherlands), for…

French Revolutionary Wars

(Encyclopedia) French Revolutionary Wars, wars occurring in the era of the French Revolution and the beginning of the Napoleonic era, the decade of 1792–1802. The wars began as an effort to defend…

Notable Artists

Painters, sculptors, and photographers Read the brief and informative biographies of notable artists, from Pablo Picasso and Mary Cassatt to Vincent Van Gogh and Georgia O'Keeffe…

Arctic, the

(Encyclopedia) CE5 Arctic, the northernmost area of the earth, centered on the North Pole. The arctic regions are not coextensive with the area enclosed by the Arctic Circle (lat. 66°30′N) but are…

Antarctica

(Encyclopedia) CE5 AntarcticaAntarcticaăntärkˈtĭkə, –ärˈtĭkə [key], the fifth largest continent, c.5,500,000 sq mi (14,245,000 sq km), asymmetrically centered on the South Pole and almost entirely…

American Revolution

(Encyclopedia) American Revolution, 1775–83, struggle by which the Thirteen Colonies on the Atlantic seaboard of North America won independence from Great Britain and became the United States. It is…