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Kroc, Ray

(Encyclopedia) Kroc, Ray (Raymond Albert Kroc), 1902–84, American fast-food restauranteur and franchiser, b. Chicago. Kroc held several jobs before becoming (1937) the distributor for a blender that…

Palmer, Ray

(Encyclopedia) Palmer, Ray, 1808–87, American Congregational clergyman and hymn writer, b. Little Compton, R.I., grad. Yale, 1830. He held pastorates in Bath, Maine (1835–50), and Albany, N.Y. (1850–…

Charles, Ray

(Encyclopedia) Charles, Ray (Ray Charles Robinson), 1930–2004, African-American musician and composer, b. Albany, Ga. Blinded at age seven, he was raised in Florida and at 16 began singing in a local…

Bradbury, Ray

(Encyclopedia) Bradbury, Ray (Raymond Douglas Bradbury)Bradbury, Ray (Raymond Douglas Bradbury)brădˈbĕrˌē, –bərē [key], 1920–2012, American writer, b. Waukegan, Ill. A popular and prolific writer of…

polarization of light

(Encyclopedia) polarization of light, orientation of the vibration pattern of light waves in a singular plane. Unpolarized light can be converted into a single polarized beam by means of the Nicol…

observatory, orbiting

(Encyclopedia) observatory, orbiting, research satellite designed to study solar radiation, electromagnetic radiation from distant stars, the earth's atmosphere, or the like. Because the atmosphere…

virtual observatory

(Encyclopedia) virtual observatory, a collection of integrated astronomical data archives and software tools that utilize computer networks to create an environment in which research can be conducted…

neutron star

(Encyclopedia) neutron star, extremely small, extremely dense star, with as much as double the sun's mass but only a few miles in radius, in the final stage of stellar evolution. Astronomers Baade…

bremsstrahlung

(Encyclopedia) bremsstrahlungbremsstrahlungbrĕmˈshträˌləng [key]: see X ray.

Fridley

(Encyclopedia) Fridley, city (2020 pop. 29,590), Anoka co., SE Minn., a suburb north of Minneapolis, on the Mississippi River; settled 1847, inc. as a…