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Rykiel, Sonia

(Encyclopedia) Rykiel, Sonia, 1930–2016, French fashion designer, b. Neuilly-sur-Seine as Sonia Flis. Rykiel focused on ready-to-wear clothing rather than haute couture, and was especially noted for…

Elks, Benevolent and Protective Order of

(Encyclopedia) Elks, Benevolent and Protective Order of, fraternal and charitable society founded (1868) in New York City. Through the Elks National Foundation, located in Chicago, the group carries…

Giono, Jean

(Encyclopedia) Giono, JeanGiono, JeanzhäN jônōˈ [key], 1895–1970, French novelist, b. Provence. His semiautobiographical novel, Jean le bleu (1932, tr. Blue Boy, 1946) concerns his childhood. His…

Asturias, Miguel Ángel

(Encyclopedia) Asturias, Miguel ÁngelAsturias, Miguel Ángelmēgĕlˈ ängˈhĕl äst&oomacr;ˈryäs [key], 1899–1974, Guatemalan novelist, poet, and diplomat. Living in Paris in the 1920s, Asturias was…

Lasker, Albert Davis

(Encyclopedia) Lasker, Albert Davis, 1880–1952, American advertising executive, sometimes called the founder of modern advertising, b. Freiburg, Germany. He came to the United States as an infant and…

Lauren, Ralph

(Encyclopedia) Lauren, RalphLauren, Ralphlôrˈən, lərĕnˈ [key], 1939–, American fashion designer, b. New York City as Ralph Lipschitz. He began his career by creating neckties under the name Polo for…

La Farge, Oliver

(Encyclopedia) La Farge, OliverLa Farge, Oliverlä färzh [key], 1901–63, American writer and anthropologist, b. New York City, grad. Harvard (B.A., 1924; M.A., 1929). He conducted three archaeological…

Johnson, Guy

(Encyclopedia) Johnson, Guy, c.1740–1788, Loyalist leader in colonial New York, b. Ireland. He emigrated to America as a boy and married (1763) a daughter of Sir William Johnson, whom he succeeded as…