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Groseilliers, Médard Chouart, sieur des

(Encyclopedia) Groseilliers, Médard Chouart, sieur desGroseilliers, Médard Chouart, sieur desmādärˈ shwär syör dā grôsāyāˈ [key], 1618?–c.1690, French trader and explorer in North America. He was the…

Brongniart, Alexandre

(Encyclopedia) Brongniart, AlexandreBrongniart, AlexandreälĕksäNˈdrə [key]Brongniart, Alexandre brôNyärˈ [key], 1770–1847, French geologist, mineralogist, and chemist. As director of the Sèvres…

Cohen, Hermann

(Encyclopedia) Cohen, HermannCohen, Hermannkōˈən [key], 1842–1918, German philosopher. He was a founder of the Neo-Kantian Marburg school and was known for his commentaries on Kant. His own works…

Despiau, Charles

(Encyclopedia) Despiau, CharlesDespiau, Charlesshärl dāpēōˈ [key], 1874–1946, French sculptor. He studied at the École des Arts décoratifs and the École des Beaux-Arts, Paris, and worked in Rodin's…

Laval, city, Canada

(Encyclopedia) Laval, city (1991 pop. 314,398), coextensive with Île-Jésus (94 sq mi/243 sq km), S Que., Canada, between the Rivière des Mille Îles and the Rivière des Prairies, just NW of Montreal.…

Tallemant des Réaux, Gédéon

(Encyclopedia) Tallemant des Réaux, GédéonTallemant des Réaux, GédéonzhādāôNˈ täləmäNˈ dā rāōˈ [key], 1619–92, French writer. His one great work is a series of brief anecdotal portraits of persons…

Saint-Maur-des-Fossés

(Encyclopedia) Saint-Maur-des-FossésSaint-Maur-des-FosséssăN-mōr-dā-fôsāˈ [key], city (1990 pop. 77,492), Val-de-Marne dept., N central France, on the Marne River. An industrial suburb of Paris, it…

Laplace, Pierre Simon, marquis de

(Encyclopedia) Laplace, Pierre Simon, marquis deLaplace, Pierre Simon, marquis depyĕr sēmôNˈ märkēˈ də läpläsˈ [key], 1749–1827, French astronomer and mathematician. At 18 he went to Paris, proved…

Roches, Peter des

(Encyclopedia) Roches, Peter desRoches, Peter desdā rōsh [key], d. 1238, English churchman and statesman, b. Poitou. A chamberlain under Richard I of England, then entered the service of King John,…

Braudel, Fernand

(Encyclopedia) Braudel, Fernand, 1902–85, French historian. He studied under Lucien Febvre and was a founder of the Annales school of historiography. As a German prisoner-of-war during World War II,…