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Philidor, François-André Danican

(Encyclopedia) Philidor, François-André Danican, 1726–95, French chess player and composer, b. Dreux. The last in a line of well-known 17th- and 18th-century musicians, he was a celebrated composer,…

Desmoulins, Camille

(Encyclopedia) Desmoulins, CamilleDesmoulins, Camillekämēˈyə dām&oomacr;lăNˈ [key], 1760–94, French revolutionary and journalist. His oratory of July 12, 1789, contributed to the storming of the…

Chassériau, Théodore

(Encyclopedia) Chassériau, ThéodoreChassériau, Théodoretāōdôrˈ shäsārēōˈ [key], 1819–56, French painter, b. Santo Domingo. He entered Ingres's studio at the age of 12; five years later he gained…

Chicago, river, United States

(Encyclopedia) Chicago, river, formed in Chicago by the junction of its North Branch (24 mi/39 km long) and South Branch (10 mi/16 km long), and flowing southeast via a canal into the Des Plaines…

Fustel de Coulanges, Numa Denis

(Encyclopedia) Fustel de Coulanges, Numa DenisFustel de Coulanges, Numa Denisnümäˈ dənēˈ füstĕlˈ də k&oomacr;läNzhˈ [key], 1830–89, French historian. His masterly study, La Cité antique (1864, tr…

Ferrari, Giuseppe

(Encyclopedia) Ferrari, GiuseppeFerrari, Giuseppej&oomacr;zĕpˈpā [key]Ferrari, Giuseppe fār-räˈrē [key], 1812–76, Italian philosopher and politician. A thorough skeptic in metaphysics, he devoted…

Halston

(Encyclopedia) Halston, 1932–90, American fashion designer, b. Des Moines, Iowa as Roy Halston Frowick; attended Indiana Univ. and the Art Institute of Chicago. In 1958 he moved to New York City,…

Braille, Louis

(Encyclopedia) Braille, LouisBraille, Louisbrāl, Fr. lwē brīˈyə [key], 1809?–1852, French inventor of the Braille system of printing and writing for the blind. Having become blind from an accident at…

Vidal de la Blache, Paul

(Encyclopedia) Vidal de la Blache, PaulVidal de la Blache, Paulpōl vēdälˈ də lä bläsh [key], French geographer, 1845–1918, the father of French human geography. He was educated at the École Normale…

Zuckmayer, Carl

(Encyclopedia) Zuckmayer, CarlZuckmayer, Carlkärl ts&oobreve;kˈmīər [key], 1896–1977, German dramatist. Zuckmayer devoted himself to writing after the success of his comedy Der fröhliche Weinberg…