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Milan Decree

(Encyclopedia) Milan Decree, issued Dec., 1807, by Napoleon I of France in an attempt to enforce the Continental System. Designed to strengthen the Berlin Decree, it authorized French warships and…

Kellermann, François Christophe

(Encyclopedia) Kellermann, François ChristopheKellermann, François ChristophefräNswäˈ krēstôfˈ kĕlĕrmänˈ [key], 1735–1820, marshal of France, b. Strasbourg. He served in the Seven Years War and won…

Kalisz

(Encyclopedia) KaliszKaliszkäˈlēsh [key], Ger. Kalisch, city (1993 est. pop. 106,600), Wielkopolskie prov., central Poland. An industrial center, it has factories producing textiles, clothing,…

Fontaine, Pierre François Léonard

(Encyclopedia) Fontaine, Pierre François LéonardFontaine, Pierre François Léonardpyĕr fräNswäˈ lāōnärˈ fôNtĕnˈ [key], 1762–1853, French architect. He was known chiefly for the work which, beginning…

Benedetti, Vincent

(Encyclopedia) Benedetti, VincentBenedetti, VincentvăNsäNˈ [key]Benedetti, Vincent bānādĕtˈtē [key], 1817–1900, French diplomat, b. Corsica, made a count by Napoleon III. He was ambassador to Prussia…

Talma, François Joseph

(Encyclopedia) Talma, François JosephTalma, François JosephfräNswäˈ zhôzĕfˈ tälmäˈ [key], 1763–1826, French actor. The greatest tragedian of his time, he broke with tradition and foreshadowed the…

Taurage

(Encyclopedia) TaurageTauragetourägāˈ [key], Ger. Tauroggen, town, W Lithuania, on the Yura River. Dating from the 13th cent., Taurage belonged to Prussia from 1691 to 1793, when it passed to Russia…

Quinet, Edgar

(Encyclopedia) Quinet, EdgarQuinet, Edgarĕdgärˈ kēnāˈ [key], 1803–75, French historian. A romantic nationalist, he was much influenced by Johann Gottfried von Herder and was a close friend and…

Louis XVIII, king of France

(Encyclopedia) Louis XVIII, 1755–1824, king of France (1814–24), brother of King Louis XVI. Known as the comte de Provence, he fled (1791) to Koblenz from the French Revolution and intrigued to bring…

Saint Helena

(Encyclopedia) Saint HelenaSaint Helenahəlēˈnə [key], island, 47 sq mi (122 sq km), in the S Atlantic Ocean, 1,200 mi (1,931 km) W of Africa. Together with the islands of Ascension and Tristan da…