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February Revolution, in French history

(Encyclopedia) February Revolution, 1848, French revolution that overthrew the monarchy of Louis Philippe and established the Second Republic. General dissatisfaction resulted partly from the king's…

Quadruple Alliance

(Encyclopedia) Quadruple Alliance, any of several European alliances. The Quadruple Alliance of 1718 was formed by Great Britain, France, the Holy Roman emperor, and the Netherlands when Philip V of…

Gérando, Joseph Marie de

(Encyclopedia) Gérando, Joseph Marie deGérando, Joseph Marie dezhôzĕfˈ märēˈ də zhāräNdōˈ [key], 1772–1842, French philosopher and political figure. Joining the insurrection in Lyons against the…

Grabbe, Christian Dietrich

(Encyclopedia) Grabbe, Christian DietrichGrabbe, Christian Dietrichkrĭsˈtēän dēˈtrĭkh gräbˈə [key], 1801–36, German dramatist and journalist. Critical of “Shakespearomania,” Grabbe strove for a…

Meissonier, Jean Louis Ernest

(Encyclopedia) Meissonier, Jean Louis ErnestMeissonier, Jean Louis ErnestzhäN lwē ĕrnĕstˈ māsônyāˈ [key], 1815–91, French genre and military painter. His study of the Dutch masters was evident in his…

Clausel, Bertrand

(Encyclopedia) Clausel or Clauzel, BertrandClausel or Clauzel, BertrandbĕrträNˈ klōzĕlˈ [key], 1772–1842, marshal of France. Having served in the French Revolutionary Wars and in the Napoleonic…

Dalberg, Karl Theodor, Freiherr von

(Encyclopedia) Dalberg, Karl Theodor, Freiherr vonDalberg, Karl Theodor, Freiherr vonkärl tāˈədôrˌ frīˈhĕr fôn dälˈbĕrk [key], 1744–1817, German statesman, of an ancient noble family prominent in…

Laclos, Pierre Ambroise François Choderlos de

(Encyclopedia) Laclos, Pierre Ambroise François Choderlos deLaclos, Pierre Ambroise François Choderlos depyĕr äNbrwäzˈ fräNswäˈ shôdĕrlōˈ də läklōˈ [key], 1741–1803, French novelist and general,…

Carpeaux, Jean-Baptiste

(Encyclopedia) Carpeaux, Jean-BaptisteCarpeaux, Jean-BaptistezhäN-bätēstˈ kärpōˈ [key], 1827–75, French sculptor and painter. He studied with François Rude and won the Prix de Rome. Carpeaux rose to…

Campan, Jeanne Louise Henriette

(Encyclopedia) Campan, Jeanne Louise HenrietteCampan, Jeanne Louise Henriettezhän lwēz äNrēĕtˈ käNpäNˈ [key], 1752–1822, French educator and author. She served as a reader to Louis XV's daughters and…