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Saracoğlu, Şükrü

(Encyclopedia) Saracoğlu, ŞükrüSaracoğlu, Şükrüshükrüˈ säräjˈōl&oomacr;ˌ [key], c.1890–1953, Turkish prime minister (1942–46). A lawyer, he became a political protégé of Kemal Atatürk and held…

Mahmud I

(Encyclopedia) Mahmud IMahmud Imäm&oomacr;dˈ, mäˈm&oomacr;d [key], 1696–1754, Ottoman sultan (1730–54), son of Mustafa II, nephew and successor of Ahmed III. A revolt of the Janissaries put…

Ahmed I

(Encyclopedia) Ahmed IAhmed Iäˈmĕd [key], 1589–1617, Ottoman sultan (1603–17), son and successor of Muhammad III to the throne of the Ottoman Empire. The chief event of his reign was the Treaty of…

Sivas

(Encyclopedia) SivasSivassĭväsˈ [key], city (1990 pop. 219,122), capital of Sivas prov., central Turkey, on the Kizil Irmak. An important trade and manufacturing center, it has cement, textile, and…

Abd al-Hamid I

(Encyclopedia) Abd al-Hamid IAbd al-Hamid Iäbˌdäl-hämēdˈ [key] or AbdülhamitAbdülhamitTurk. äbdülˈhämēdˈ [key], 1725–89, Ottoman sultan (1774–89), brother and successor of Mustafa III. His reign, one…

Murad IV

(Encyclopedia) Murad IV, 1612?–1640, Ottoman sultan (1623–40), nephew and successor of Mustafa I. He recovered (1638) Baghdad, which Shah Abbas I of Persia had seized. On his victory he sent an order…

Mustafa III

(Encyclopedia) Mustafa III, 1717–73, Ottoman sultan (1757–73), son of Ahmed III. He succeeded his cousin Osman III to the throne of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey). The chief event of his reign was the…

Bayar, Celâl

(Encyclopedia) Bayar, CelâlBayar, Celâljĕlälˈ bäˈyär [key], 1884–1986, Turkish statesman. The son of a religious leader and teacher, Bayar joined the nationalist movement after the Young Turk…

Samsun

(Encyclopedia) SamsunSamsunsäms&oomacr;nˈ [key], city (1990 pop. 301,412), capital of Samsun prov., N Turkey, on the Black Sea. The most important Turkish port on the Black Sea, it is also a…