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Ertl, Gerhard

(Encyclopedia) Ertl, GerhardErtl, Gerhardgĕrˈhärt ârˈtəl [key], 1936– German chemist, b. Stuttgart, grad. Univ. of Stuttgart (1961), Technical Univ., Munich (Ph.D 1965). After holding a number of…

Adorno, Theodor Wiesengrund

(Encyclopedia) Adorno, Theodor WiesengrundAdorno, Theodor Wiesengrundtāədôrˌ vēˈzəngr&oobreve;nd ädôrˈnō [key], 1903–69, German philosopher, born as Theodor Adorno Wiesengrund. Forced into exile…

X-ray crystallography

(Encyclopedia) X-ray crystallography, the study of crystal structures through X-ray diffraction techniques. When an X-ray beam bombards a crystalline lattice in a given orientation, the beam is…

Marcuse, Herbert

(Encyclopedia) Marcuse, HerbertMarcuse, Herbertmärk&oomacr;ˈzə [key], 1898–1979, U.S. political philosopher, b. Berlin. He was educated at the Univ. of Freiburg and with Theodore Adorno and Max…

Asch, Sholem

(Encyclopedia) Asch, Sholem or ShalomAsch, Sholem or Shalomshōˈləm ăsh, shäˈləm [key], 1880–1957, Jewish novelist and playwright, b. Poland. He first came to the United States in 1909, was…

Lubitsch, Ernst

(Encyclopedia) Lubitsch, ErnstLubitsch, Ernstl&oomacr;ˈbĭch [key], 1892–1947, German-American film director, b. Berlin. He studied acting in his native city and in 1911 joined Max Reinhardt's…

Hershey, Alfred Day

(Encyclopedia) Hershey, Alfred Day, 1908–1997, American microbiologist, b. Owosso, Mich., Ph.D., Michigan State College (now Michigan State Univ.), 1934. Hershey was a professor at the Washington…

phenomenology

(Encyclopedia) phenomenology, modern school of philosophy founded by Edmund Husserl. Its influence extended throughout Europe and was particularly important to the early development of existentialism…

Christie, Dame Agatha

(Encyclopedia) Christie, Dame Agatha, 1890–1976, English detective story writer, b. Torquay, Devon, as Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller. Christie's second husband was the archaeologist Sir Max Mallowan,…

Hartmann, Nicolai

(Encyclopedia) Hartmann, NicolaiHartmann, Nicolainēˈkōlī [key], 1882–1950, German philosopher, b. Latvia. He taught at Marburg (1922–25), Cologne (1925–31), Berlin (1931–45), and Göttingen (1945–50…