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Breton literature

(Encyclopedia) Breton literatureBreton literaturebrĕtˈən [key], in the Celtic language of Brittany. Although there are numerous allusions in other literatures of the 12th to 14th cent. to the “matter…

Schoolcraft, Henry Rowe

(Encyclopedia) Schoolcraft, Henry Rowe, 1793–1864, American ethnologist, b. near Albany, N.Y. He gave enormous impetus to the study of Native American culture and may be regarded as the foremost…

Royal, Ségolène

(Encyclopedia) Royal, Ségolène (Marie-Ségolène Royal)Royal, Ségolènemärēˈ-sāgōlĕnˈ rwäyälˈ [key], 1953–, French politician, b. Dakar, Senegal. A graduate of the École Nationale d'Administration (1980…

Orléans, Gaston, duc d'

(Encyclopedia) Orléans, Gaston, duc d'Orléans, Gaston, duc d'gästôNˈ [key]Orléans, Gaston, duc d' dük dôrlāäNˈ [key], 1608–60, son of King Henry IV and Marie de' Medici, younger brother of Louis XIII…

Montreal

(Encyclopedia) MontrealMontrealmŏnˌtrēôlˈ [key], Fr. MontréalMontrealmôNrāälˈ [key], city (1991 pop. 1,017,666), S Que., Canada, on Montreal island, surrounded by St. Lawrence River and Rivière des…

Voltaire, François Marie Arouet de

(Encyclopedia) Voltaire, François Marie Arouet deVoltaire, François Marie Arouet defräNswäˈ märēˈ ärwāˈ də vôltĕrˈ [key], 1694–1778, French philosopher and author, whose original name was Arouet. One…

Medici, Italian family

(Encyclopedia) MediciMedicimĕˈdĭchē, Ital. māˈdēchē [key], Italian family that directed the destinies of Florence from the 15th cent. until 1737. Of obscure origin, they rose to immense wealth as…

Ashton, Sir Frederick

(Encyclopedia) Ashton, Sir Frederick, 1904–88, British choreographer and dancer, b. Guayaquil, Ecuador. He grew up in Peru and was drawn to dance after seeing (1917) a performance by Anna Pavlova…

Diamond Necklace, Affair of the

(Encyclopedia) Diamond Necklace, Affair of the, scandal that took place at the court of King Louis XVI of France just before the French Revolution. An adventuress who called herself the comtesse de…