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Lalique, René

(Encyclopedia) Lalique, RenéLalique, Renérənāˈ lälēkˈ [key], 1860–1945, French jewelery designer and glassmaker whose works are landmarks of arts nouveau and deco, b. Ay; apprenticed to Parisian…

Frame, Janet

(Encyclopedia) Frame, Janet (Janet Paterson Frame Clutha)Frame, Janetkl&oomacr;ˈthə [key], 1924–2004, New Zealand novelist, b. Dunedin. Frame's complex, disturbing novels are marked by startling…

Machiavelli, Niccolò

(Encyclopedia) Machiavelli, NiccolòMachiavelli, Niccolònēk-kōlôˈ mäkyävĕlˈlē [key], 1469–1527, Italian author and statesman, one of the outstanding figures of the Renaissance, b. Florence.…

Spark, Dame Muriel

(Encyclopedia) Spark, Dame Muriel, 1918–2006, Scottish novelist, b. Muriel Sarah Camberg. She lived in Edinburgh, Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), London, New York, and Rome, and spent her last years in…

Cuban Missile Crisis

(Encyclopedia) Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962, major cold war confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union. In response to the Bay of Pigs Invasion and other American actions against Cuba…

Crane, Stephen

(Encyclopedia) Crane, Stephen, 1871–1900, American novelist, poet, and short-story writer, b. Newark, N.J. Often designated the first modern American writer, Crane is ranked among the authors who…

Almodóvar, Pedro

(Encyclopedia) Almodóvar, PedroAlmodóvar, Pedropāˈᵺrō älmōᵺōˈbär [key], 1951–, Spanish film director. Almodóvar began making short films using an inexpensive Super 8 camera in the early 1970s,…

Richardson, Samuel

(Encyclopedia) Richardson, Samuel, 1689–1761, English novelist, b. Derbyshire. When he was 50 and a prosperous printer, Richardson was asked to compose a guide to letter writing. The idea of…

Taiping Rebellion

(Encyclopedia) Taiping Rebellion, 1850–64, revolt against the Ch'ing (Manchu) dynasty of China. It was led by Hung Hsiu-ch'üan, a visionary from Guangdong who evolved a political creed and messianic…