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Carnovsky, Morris

(Encyclopedia) Carnovsky, MorrisCarnovsky, Morriskärnŏvˈskē [key], 1897–1992, American actor, b. St. Louis. After his New York City debut in The God of Vengeance (1922), he joined the Theatre Guild…

Ledru-Rollin, Alexandre Auguste

(Encyclopedia) Ledru-Rollin, Alexandre AugusteLedru-Rollin, Alexandre AugusteälĕksäNˈdrə ôgüstˈ lədrüˈ-rôlăNˈ [key], 1807–74, French politician. A lawyer, he first became known as a radical opponent…

Triple Alliance

(Encyclopedia) Triple Alliance, in European history, any of several coalitions. 1 The Triple Alliance of 1668 was formed by the Netherlands, England, and Sweden against France after Louis XIV had…

Raymond VII, count of Toulouse

(Encyclopedia) Raymond VII, 1197–1249, count of Toulouse; son of Count Raymond VI. He fought with his father in the Albigensian Crusade (see under Albigenses), assisting Raymond VI in his attempt to…

Charles the Bold

(Encyclopedia) Charles the Bold, 1433–77, last reigning duke of Burgundy (1467–77), son and successor of Philip the Good. As the count of Charolais before his accession, he opposed the growing power…

Loménie de Brienne, Étienne Charles

(Encyclopedia) Loménie de Brienne, Étienne CharlesLoménie de Brienne, Étienne Charlesātyĕnˈ shärl lōmānēˈ də brēĕnˈ [key], 1727–94, French statesman, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was…

Bugeaud de la Piconnerie, Thomas Robert

(Encyclopedia) Bugeaud de la Piconnerie, Thomas RobertBugeaud de la Piconnerie, Thomas Roberttōmäˈ rōbĕrˈ büzhōˈ də lä pēkōnərēˈ [key], 1784–1849, marshal of France, duc d'Isly, general and…

Romains, Jules

(Encyclopedia) Romains, JulesRomains, Juleszhül rômăNˈ [key], 1885–1972, French writer, whose original name was Louis Farigoule. A brilliant student of philosophy, he became known as the chief…

Religion, Wars of

(Encyclopedia) Religion, Wars of, 1562–98, series of civil wars in France, also known as the Huguenot Wars. The immediate issue was the French Protestants' struggle for freedom of worship and the…

Talleyrand, Charles Maurice de

(Encyclopedia) Talleyrand or Talleyrand-Périgord, Charles Maurice deTalleyrand or Talleyrand-Périgord, Charles Maurice detălˈērăndˌ, Fr. shärl mōrēsˈ də tälāräNˈ-pārēgôrˈ [key], 1754–1838, French…