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Philip III, king of France

(Encyclopedia) Philip III (Philip the Bold), 1245–85, king of France (1270–85), son and successor of King Louis IX. He secured peaceful possession of Poitou, Auvergne, and Toulouse by a small cession…

Favras, Thomas de Mahy, marquis de

(Encyclopedia) Favras, Thomas de Mahy, marquis deFavras, Thomas de Mahy, marquis detômäˈ də mäēˈ märkēˈ də fävräsˈ [key], 1744–90, French royalist. After the outbreak of the French Revolution, he…

Berthier, Louis Alexandre

(Encyclopedia) Berthier, Louis AlexandreBerthier, Louis Alexandrelwē älĕksäNˈdrə bĕrtyāˈ [key], 1753–1815, marshal of France. He served in the American Revolution and in the French Revolutionary Wars…

Bosio, François Joseph, Baron

(Encyclopedia) Bosio, François Joseph, BaronBosio, François Joseph, BaronfräNswäˈ zhôzĕfˈ bärôNˈ bôsyōˈ [key], 1769–1845, French sculptor. He was employed by Napoleon I to make the bas-reliefs for…

Cauchy, Augustin Louis, Baron

(Encyclopedia) Cauchy, Augustin Louis, BaronCauchy, Augustin Louis, BaronōgüstăNˈ lwē bärôNˈ kōshēˈ [key], 1789–1857, French mathematician. He was professor simultaneously (1816–30) at the École…

Margaret Maultasch

(Encyclopedia) Margaret MaultaschMargaret Maultaschmoulˈtäsh [key] [Ger.,=pocket mouth], 1318–69, countess of Tyrol, called the Ugly Duchess, probably because of her unattractive appearance,…

Alfonso V, king of Aragón and Sicily

(Encyclopedia) Alfonso V (Alfonso the Magnanimous), 1396–1458, king of Aragón and Sicily (1416–58) and of Naples (1443–58), count of Barcelona. He was the son of Ferdinand I, whom he succeeded in…

Colter, John

(Encyclopedia) Colter, JohnColter, Johnkōlˈtər [key], c.1775–1813, American trapper and guide, b. Virginia. In 1803 he enlisted in the Lewis and Clark expedition and in 1806, on the return trip, was…

Villars, Claude Louis Hector, duc de

(Encyclopedia) Villars, Claude Louis Hector, duc deVillars, Claude Louis Hector, duc deklōd lwē ĕktôrˈ dük də vēlärˈ [key], 1653–1734, marshal of France, the last of the great generals of Louis XIV.…

Eleanor of Aquitaine

(Encyclopedia) Eleanor of AquitaineEleanor of Aquitaineăkwĭtānˈ, ăkˈwĭtān [key], 1122?–1204, queen consort first of Louis VII of France and then of Henry II of England. Daughter and heiress of…