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division of labor

(Encyclopedia) division of labor, in economics, the specialization of the functions and roles involved in production. Division of labor is closely tied with the standardization of production, the…

Doctrine of Signatures

(Encyclopedia) Doctrine of Signatures, the concept that the key to humanity's use of various plants was indicated by the form of the plant. The red sap of the bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis), for…

Ely, Isle of

(Encyclopedia) Ely, Isle of, region, Cambridgeshire, E central England. Ely is the chief town. The region has extensive fens, drained and devoted to the cultivation of sugar beets and vegetables.…

Emancipation, Edict of

(Encyclopedia) Emancipation, Edict of, 1861, the mechanism by which Czar Alexander II freed all Russian serfs (one third of the total population). All personal serfdom was abolished, and the peasants…

Gowrie, Carse of

(Encyclopedia) Gowrie, Carse ofGowrie, Carse ofkärs, kĕrs, gouˈrē [key], alluvial lowland, c.15 mi (24 km) long, Perth and Kinross, central Scotland, along the northern shore of the Firth of Tay,…

Graham of Claverhouse

(Encyclopedia) Graham of Claverhouse: see Dundee, John Graham of Claverhouse, 1st Viscount.

Guibert of Ravenna

(Encyclopedia) Guibert of RavennaGuibert of Ravennagwĭbˈərt, gēbĕrˈ [key], d. 1100, Italian churchman, antipope (1080–1100) Clement III, b. Parma. As imperial chancellor of Italy (1057–63), he…