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Liberius

(Encyclopedia) LiberiusLiberiuslībērˈēəs [key], d. 366, pope (352–66), a Roman; successor of St. Julius I. At the beginning of his pontificate, the status of Athanasius was still disputed, and…

Franz Josef Land

(Encyclopedia) Franz Josef LandFranz Josef Landfrăns jōˈzəf, fränts yōˈzĕf [key], Rus. Zemlya Frantsa Iosifa, archipelago, c.6,300 sq mi (16,320 sq km), in the Arctic Ocean N of Novaya Zemlya, Russia…

cesarean section

(Encyclopedia) cesarean sectioncesarean sectionsĭzârˈēən [key], delivery of an infant by surgical removal from the uterus through an abdominal incision. The operation is of ancient origin: indeed,…

Belvedere

(Encyclopedia) BelvedereBelvederebĕlˈvədēr, Ital. bālvādĕˈrā [key], court of the Vatican named after a villa built (1485–87) for Innocent VIII. The villa was decorated with frescoes by Pinturicchio…

U.S. Champions

Years 1857-71 Paul Morphy 1871-76 George Mackenzie 1876-80 James Mason 1880-89…

Cassius

(Encyclopedia) CassiusCassiuskăshˈəs [key], ancient Roman family. There were a number of well-known members. Spurius Cassius Viscellinus, d. c.485 b.c., seems to have been consul several times. In…

higher criticism

(Encyclopedia) higher criticism, name given to a type of biblical criticism distinguished from textual or lower criticism. It seeks to interpret text of the Bible free from confessional and dogmatic…

National Gallery

(Encyclopedia) National Gallery, London, one of the permanent national art collections of Great Britain, est. 1824. The nucleus of museum was the 38-picture collection of the late English banker John…

Palestrina, Giovanni Pierluigi da

(Encyclopedia) Palestrina, Giovanni Pierluigi daPalestrina, Giovanni Pierluigi dajōvänˈnē pyārl&oomacr;ēˈjē päˌlāstrēˈnä [key], c.1525–1594, Italian composer whose family name was Pierluigi; b.…