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Sommer, William

(Encyclopedia) Sommer, William, 1867–1949, American painter and lithographer, b. Detroit. He was apprenticed as a lithographer and studied drawing with Julius Melchers in Detroit and drawing and…

Ptolemy XIV

(Encyclopedia) Ptolemy XIV, d. 44 b.c., king of ancient Egypt (47–44 b.c.), the last of the Macedonian dynasty, but for his sister, Cleopatra. He was a child when his brother Ptolemy XIII drowned.…

Ptolemy XV

(Encyclopedia) Ptolemy XV (Ptolemy Caesarion), 47–30 b.c., son of Cleopatra and (almost certainly) Julius Caesar. He became joint ruler with his mother, but played no role in the great and tragic…

Hirtius, Aulus

(Encyclopedia) Hirtius, AulusHirtius, Aulusôˈləs hûrˈshēəs [key], d. 43 b.c., Roman soldier. He was a friend of Julius Caesar, with whom he served in Gaul. After Caesar's assassination (44 b.c.)…

Vanini, Lucilio

(Encyclopedia) Vanini, LucilioVanini, Luciliol&oomacr;chēˈlyō vänēˈnē [key], c.1585–1619, Italian philosopher, who gave himself the name Julius Caesar. A freethinker, he was persecuted for his…

Pompeia

(Encyclopedia) PompeiaPompeiapŏmpēˈyə [key], fl. 61 b.c., Roman matron, wife of Julius Caesar, daughter of Quintus Pompeius Rufus and granddaughter of Sulla. She married Caesar in 67 b.c. and was…

Pascin, Jules

(Encyclopedia) Pascin, JulesPascin, Juleszhül päskăNˈ [key], 1885–1930, American painter, b. Bulgaria. Born Julius Pincas, he moved to Paris in 1905. He acquired American citizenship in 1914.…

Maximin, d. 238, Roman emperor

(Encyclopedia) Maximin (Caius Julius Verus Maximinus)Maximinmăkˈsĭmĭn [key], d. 238, Roman emperor (235–38). A rough Thracian soldier of great physical strength, he rose in the army, and when the…

Mayer, Julius Robert von

(Encyclopedia) Mayer, Julius Robert von, 1814–78, German physician and physicist, studied medicine at Tübingen, Munich, and Paris. From a consideration of the generation of animal heat, he was led to…