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John XXI, pope

(Encyclopedia) John XXI, d. 1277, pope (1276–77), a Portuguese named Pedro Giuliano; successor of Adrian V. Known generally as Peter of Spain (Petrus Hispanus), he is the only Portuguese pope. Peter'…

John, three epistles of the New Testament

(Encyclopedia) John, three letters of the New Testament. Traditionally, they are ascribed to John son of Zebedee, the disciple of Jesus. All three letters probably date to the end of the 1st cent. a.…

John of Brienne

(Encyclopedia) John of BrienneJohn of Briennebrēĕnˈ [key], c.1170–1237, French crusader. He was a count and in 1210 married Mary, titular queen of Jerusalem. Mary died in 1212, and their daughter,…

Bale, John

(Encyclopedia) Bale, John, 1495–1563, English dramatist and clergyman. An ardent proponent of the Reformation, he used the stage as a vehicle for his views. His most famous play, King John (written c…

John of Nepomuk, Saint

(Encyclopedia) John of Nepomuk, SaintJohn of Nepomuk, Saintnāˈpōm&oobreve;k [key], d. 1393, patron saint of Bohemia, a martyr. He is also called John Nepomucen. He was vicar general of Bohemia…

John Climax, Saint

(Encyclopedia) John Climax, Saint [Gr.,=ladder], d. c.649, Syrian hermit of Mt. Sinai. Little is known of his life, but his guide to the spiritual life in 30 steps, The Ladder of Paradise, was widely…

Dalrymple, John

(Encyclopedia) Dalrymple, John: see Stair, John Dalrymple, 1st earl of, and Stair, John Dalrymple, 2d earl of.

St. John, Oliver

(Encyclopedia) St. John, OliverSt. John, Oliversĭnˈjən [key], 1598?–1673, English politician. He married (1638) a cousin of Oliver Cromwell. In 1637–38 he was, by his brilliant defense of John…

John III, Byzantine emperor of Nicaea

(Encyclopedia) John III (John Ducas Vatatzes)John IIId&oobreve;ˈkəs vətătˈzēz [key], d. 1254, Byzantine emperor of Nicaea (1222–54), successor and son-in-law of Theodore I. He extended his…

John IV, king of Portugal

(Encyclopedia) John IV, 1604–56, king of Portugal (1640–56). He succeeded as duke of Braganza in 1630. Descended from Manuel I and in illegitimate line from John I, he had the strongest claim to the…