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Austria: Rulers

Emperors Franz I, last Holy Roman Emperor, first Emperor of Austria (1804–1835) Ferdinand I (1835–1848) Franz Joseph I (1848–1916) Karl I, last emperor of Austria (1916–1918) Presidents Franz…

Bowring, Sir John

(Encyclopedia) Bowring, Sir JohnBowring, Sir Johnbouˈrĭng [key], 1792–1872, British diplomat, linguist, and writer. An extraordinarily versatile linguist, he is remembered for his anthologies and…

Purdy, James Otis

(Encyclopedia) Purdy, James Otis, 1914–2009, American writer, b. near Hicksville, Ohio; studied Bowling Green State College (B.A., 1935), Univ. of Chicago (M.A., 1937), Univ. of Pueblo, Mexico.…

Helvétius, Claude Adrien

(Encyclopedia) Helvétius, Claude AdrienHelvétius, Claude Adrienhĕlvēˈshəs, Fr. klōd ädrēăNˈ ĕlvāsyüsˈ [key], 1715–71, French philosopher, one of the Encyclopedists. He held the post of farmer-general…

2009 Academy Awards

The 2009 Academy Awards were presented on March 7, 2010, at the Kodak Theatre. All of the nominees are listed below; the Oscar winners are in bold. Best Picture Avatar   The Blind Side…

digital art

(Encyclopedia) digital art, contemporary art in which computer technology is used in a wide variety of ways to make distinctive works. Digital art was pioneered in the 1970s but only came into its…

Blackstone, Sir William

(Encyclopedia) Blackstone, Sir William, 1723–80, English jurist. At first unsuccessful in legal practice, he turned to scholarship and teaching. He became (1758) the first Vinerian professor of law…

utilitarianism

(Encyclopedia) utilitarianismutilitarianismy&oomacr;ˌtĭlĭtrˈēənĭzəm, y&oomacr;tĭˌ– [key], in ethics, the theory that the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by its usefulness in…