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Maistre, Joseph de

(Encyclopedia) Maistre, Joseph deMaistre, Joseph dezhôzĕfˈ də mĕsˈtrə [key], 1753–1821, French writer and diplomat. Born in Savoy, he was Sardinian ambassador at St. Petersburg from 1803 to 1817. A…

Macdonald, Jacques Étienne Joseph Alexandre

(Encyclopedia) Macdonald, Jacques Étienne Joseph AlexandreMacdonald, Jacques Étienne Joseph Alexandrezhäk ātyĕnˈzhôzĕfˈ älĕksäNˈdrə mäkdônälˈ [key], 1765–1840, marshal of France, of Scottish descent…

Chauveau, Pierre Joseph Olivier

(Encyclopedia) Chauveau, Pierre Joseph OlivierChauveau, Pierre Joseph Olivierpyĕr zhôzĕfˈ ôlēvyāˈ shōvōˈ [key], 1820–90, French Canadian educator and politician, prime minister of Quebec (1867–73), b…

Joffre, Joseph Jacques Césaire

(Encyclopedia) Joffre, Joseph Jacques CésaireJoffre, Joseph Jacques Césairezhôzĕfˈ zhäk sāzĕrˈ zhôˈfrə [key], 1852–1931, marshal of France. He began his career as a military engineer in the French…

Eichendorff, Joseph, Freiherr von

(Encyclopedia) Eichendorff, Joseph, Freiherr vonEichendorff, Joseph, Freiherr vonyōˈzĕf frīˈhĕr fən īˈkhəndôrf [key], 1788–1857, German poet, a leader of the late romantics. He studied law,…

Niépce, Joseph Nicéphore

(Encyclopedia) Niépce, Joseph NicéphoreNiépce, Joseph Nicéphorezhôzĕfˈ nēsāfôrˈ nyĕps [key], 1765–1833, French chemist who originated a process of photography (see photography, still). In 1826 he…

Warton, Joseph

(Encyclopedia) Warton, Joseph, 1722–1800, English critic and poet, brother of Thomas Warton. Educated at Winchester and Oxford, he took holy orders in 1744 and served several cures. He spent an…

Tyrrell, Joseph Burr

(Encyclopedia) Tyrrell, Joseph BurrTyrrell, Joseph Burrtĭrˈəl [key], 1858–1957, Canadian explorer and geologist, b. Ontario. In 1881 he joined the Canadian Geological Survey as an explorer and in…

Wirth, Karl Joseph

(Encyclopedia) Wirth, Karl JosephWirth, Karl Josephkärl yōˈzĕf vĭrt [key], 1879–1956, German statesman. A leader of the Catholic Center party, he succeeded (1920) Matthias Erzberger as minister of…