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French literature

(Encyclopedia) French literature, writings in medieval French dialects and standard modern French. Writings in Provençal and Breton are considered separately, as are works in French produced abroad (…

Ingelow, Jean

(Encyclopedia) Ingelow, JeanIngelow, Jeanĭnˈjəlō [key], 1820–97, English author. Her poems are characterized by religious introspection and an intimate knowledge of nature. Among her best-known poems…

Lannes, Jean

(Encyclopedia) Lannes, JeanLannes, JeanzhäN län [key], 1769–1809, marshal of France. He fought under Napoleon Bonaparte (later Napoleon I) in the Italian and Egyptian campaigns, supported his coup of…

Lalande, Jean

(Encyclopedia) Lalande, Jean (Saint John Lalande)Lalande, JeanzhäN läläNdˈ [key], d. 1646, French Jesuit missionary in Canada and New York, one of the Jesuit Martyrs of North America. He came to the…

Detaille, Jean Baptiste Édouard

(Encyclopedia) Detaille, Jean Baptiste ÉdouardDetaille, Jean Baptiste ÉdouardzhäN bäptēstˈ ādwärˈ dətäyˈ [key], 1848–1912, French painter. He studied under J. L. E. Meissonier and served in the…

Charlotte, grand duchess of Luxembourg

(Encyclopedia) Charlotte, 1896–1985, grand duchess of Luxembourg (1919–64). The second daughter of Duke William of Nassau-Weilburg and a Portuguese princess, Marie Anne of Braganza, she succeeded her…

Regnard, Jean François

(Encyclopedia) Regnard, Jean FrançoisRegnard, Jean FrançoiszhäN fräNswäˈ rənyärˈ [key], 1655–1709, French comic dramatist. He traveled widely in Europe; captured by Barbary pirates, he was held in…

Renart, Jean

(Encyclopedia) Renart, JeanRenart, JeanzhäN rənärˈ [key], fl. 1212, French poet. He is believed to be the author of two charming romans courtois, or metrical romances—Guillaume de Dole and L'Escoufle…

Gérard, Jean Ignace Isidore

(Encyclopedia) Gérard, Jean Ignace IsidoreGérard, Jean Ignace IsidorezhäN ēnyäsˈ ēzēdôrˈ zhārärˈ [key], 1803–47, French caricaturist, illustrator, and lithographer, better known as Grandville. He is…

Calloc'h, Jean Pierre

(Encyclopedia) Calloc'h, Jean PierreCalloc'h, Jean PierrezhäN pyĕr kälôkhˈ [key], 1888–1917, Breton poet. Important in the revival of Breton literature, he wrote in the Vannes dialect of Brittany.…