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Medici, Cosimo III de'

(Encyclopedia) Medici, Cosimo III de', 1642–1723, grand duke of Tuscany (1670–1723); son and successor of Ferdinand II de' Medici. During his long reign the government of Tuscany degenerated into…

Merodach-baladan

(Encyclopedia) Merodach-baladanMerodach-baladanmĕrˈōdăk-bălˈədăn [key], fl. 722–702 b.c., Chaldaean prince, who usurped (721) the Babylonian throne. Sargon of Assyria put down the allies of Merodach-…

Constantine Nikolayevich

(Encyclopedia) Constantine NikolayevichConstantine Nikolayevichkənˌstəntyēnˈ nēkôläyāˈvĭch [key], 1827–92, grand duke of Russia; brother of Czar Alexander II. Constantine supported all the reforms…

David, Saint

(Encyclopedia) David, Saint, d.588?, patron saint of Wales, first abbot of Menevia (present-day Saint David's). He apparently established a strict rule and was a zealous missionary, founding 12…

Harmon, Judson

(Encyclopedia) Harmon, Judson, 1846–1927, U.S. Attorney General and governor of Ohio, b. Newton, Ohio. He was a lawyer and a judge in Cincinnati for many years and served (1895–97) ably as U.S.…

Boniface IX

(Encyclopedia) Boniface IX, c.1345–1404, pope (1389–1404), a Neapolitan named Pietro Tomacelli; successor of Urban VI. The Avignon antipopes Clement VII and Benedict XIII were his contemporaries…

Abd ar-Rahman, sultan of Morocco

(Encyclopedia) Abd ar-Rahman, 1778–1859, sultan of Morocco (1822–59). He sought, unsuccessfully, to take advantage of the overthrow of Turkish rule in Algeria in order to extend his territory. Later…

Bostanai ben Chaninai

(Encyclopedia) Bostanai ben ChaninaiBostanai ben Chaninaibôsˈtänī bĕn khänēnīˈ [key], c.618–670, first Jewish exilarch (i.e., ruler of the Jewish exiles in Babylonia) under Arab rule. He is the…

Viet Minh

(Encyclopedia) Viet MinhViet Minhvēĕtˈ mĭn [key], officially Viet Nam Doc Lap Dong Minh [League for the Independence of Vietnam], a coalition of Communist and nationalist groups that opposed the…

Strang, James Jesse

(Encyclopedia) Strang, James JesseStrang, James Jessestrăng [key], 1813–56, American Mormon leader, b. Cayuga co., N.Y. A lawyer, teacher, and newspaperman, he migrated in 1843 to Wisconsin, was…