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Fianna Fáil

(Encyclopedia) Fianna FáilFianna Fáilfēˈənə fäl [key], Irish political party, organized in 1926 by opponents of the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921 establishing the Irish Free State and setting up…

Gandhi, Sonia

(Encyclopedia) Gandhi, SoniaGandhi, Soniagänˈdē [key], 1946–, Indian politician, b. Turin, Italy, as Sonia Maino. She met Rajiv Gandhi in 1965 when they were students in Cambridge, England. They were…

Mallet, David

(Encyclopedia) Mallet or Malloch, DavidMallet or Malloch, Davidmălˈĭt, –əkh [key], c.1705–1765, English poet and dramatist, b. Scotland. His best-known work is the ballad William and Margaret (1720…

Arne, Thomas Augustine

(Encyclopedia) Arne, Thomas AugustineArne, Thomas Augustineärn [key], 1710–78, English composer. Arne composed the song Rule, Britannia, based on an ode by James Thomson. He composed new music for an…

Ardashir II

(Encyclopedia) Ardashir II, king of Persia (379–83), of the Sassanid, or Sassanian, dynasty. A provincial governor under Shapur II, he succeeded to the throne. He earned popularity by remitting taxes…

Christian VIII

(Encyclopedia) Christian VIII, 1786–1848, king of Denmark (1839–48), nephew of Christian VII; successor of Frederick VI. As governor and king (May–Oct., 1814) of Norway he accepted a liberal…

Abascal, José Fernando de

(Encyclopedia) Abascal, José Fernando deAbascal, José Fernando dehōsāˈ fĕrnänˈdō dā äbäskälˈ [key], 1743–1827, Spanish viceroy of Peru (1806–16). During the South American revolt against the colonial…

Osroene

(Encyclopedia) OsroeneOsroeneŏsrōēˈnē [key], ancient kingdom of NW Mesopotamia, in present-day SE Turkey and NE Syria. Edessa was its capital. It broke away (2d cent. b.c.) from the Seleucid empire…

Dobrich

(Encyclopedia) Dobrich Dobrich dôbrēchˈ [key], city, NE Bulgaria, a commercial and cultural center of the…

Crump, Edward Hull

(Encyclopedia) Crump, Edward Hull, 1876–1954, American politician, Democratic boss of Tennessee, b. near Holly Springs, Miss. At first (1905–9) a municipal administrator in Memphis, Tenn., he was…