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Smithson, Robert

(Encyclopedia) Smithson, Robert, 1938–73, American sculptor, b. Passaic, N.J. After first making modular, serial sculpture, Smithson began to design large-scale earthworks (see land art) in the 1960s…

Novalis

(Encyclopedia) NovalisNovalisnōväˈlĭs [key], pseud. of Friederich von HardenbergFriederich von Hardenbergfrēˈdrĭkh fən härˈdənbĕrk [key], 1772–1801, German poet. He studied philosophy under Schiller…

rabbi

(Encyclopedia) rabbi [Heb.,=my master; my teacher], the title of a Jewish spiritual leader. The role of the rabbi has undergone a number of transformations. In the Talmudic period, rabbis were…

Oecolampadius, Johannes

(Encyclopedia) Oecolampadius, JohannesOecolampadius, Johannesyōhänˈəs ökōlämpäˈdē&oobreve;s, ĕkˌəlămpāˈdēəs [key], 1482–1531, German Protestant reformer, associate of Huldreich Zwingli in the…

Nahum

(Encyclopedia) NahumNahumnāˈəm, –həm [key], 7th of the books of the Minor Prophets of the Bible. It contains oracles of doom against Nineveh, capital of the Assyrian Empire, delivered by one Nahum of…

Roethke, Theodore

(Encyclopedia) Roethke, TheodoreRoethke, Theodorerĕtˈkə [key], 1908–63, American poet, b. Saginaw, Mich., educated at the Univ. of Michigan and Harvard. A poet of the Midwest, Roethke combined a love…

Lawrence, D. H.

(Encyclopedia) Lawrence, D. H. (David Herbert Lawrence), 1885–1930, English author, one of the primary shapers of 20th-century fiction. Lawrence believed that industrialized Western culture was…

Stein, Gertrude

(Encyclopedia) Stein, Gertrude, 1874–1946, American author and patron of the arts, b. Allegheny (now part of Pittsburgh), Pa. A celebrated personality, she encouraged, aided, and influenced—through…

Dewey, John

(Encyclopedia) Dewey, John, 1859–1952, American philosopher and educator, b. Burlington, Vt., grad. Univ. of Vermont, 1879, Ph.D. Johns Hopkins, 1884. He taught at the universities of Minnesota (1888…

Degas, Edgar

(Encyclopedia) Degas, Edgar (Hilaire Germain Edgar Degas)Degas, Edgarēlĕrˈ zhĕrmăNˈ ĕdgärˈ dəgäˈ [key], 1834–1917, French painter and sculptor, b. Paris; son of a banker. Although prepared for the…