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Jones, Jim

(Encyclopedia) Jones, Jim, 1931–78, American religious leader, b. Lynn, Indiana. An influential Indianapolis preacher from the 1950s and onetime head of the city's Human Rights Commission, Jones…

Empson, William

(Encyclopedia) Empson, William, 1906–84, English critic and poet. His Seven Types of Ambiguity (1930), a study of the meanings of poetry, is a classic of modern literary criticism. It was followed by…

Fitzgerald, F. Scott

(Encyclopedia) Fitzgerald, F. Scott (Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald), 1896–1940, American novelist and short-story writer, b. St. Paul, Minn. He is ranked among the great American writers of the 20th…

Fitzsimmons, Robert L.

(Encyclopedia) Fitzsimmons, Robert L., 1863–1918, British boxer, b. Cornwall, England. Fitzsimmons began fighting professionally in Australia and New Zealand before going to the United States in 1890…

melodrama

(Encyclopedia) melodrama [Gr.,=song-drama], originally a spoken text with musical background, as in Greek drama. The form was popular in the 18th cent., when its composers included Georg Benda, J. J…

Clare, John

(Encyclopedia) Clare, John, 1793–1864, English poet. A romantic poet who wrote shortly after the vogue for such verse, he had a profound and singular gift for capturing nature in exquisitely specific…

Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm

(Encyclopedia) Nietzsche, Friedrich WilhelmNietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelmfrēˈdrĭkh vĭlˈhĕlm nēˈchə [key], 1844–1900, German philosopher, b. Röcken, Prussia. The son of a clergyman, Nietzsche studied…

Peirce, Charles Sanders

(Encyclopedia) Peirce, Charles SandersPeirce, Charles Sanderspûrs [key], 1839–1914, American philosopher and polymath, b. Cambridge, Mass., grad. Harvard, 1859; son of Benjamin Peirce. Except for…

Kleist, Heinrich von

(Encyclopedia) Kleist, Heinrich vonKleist, Heinrich vonhīnˈrĭkh fən klīst [key], 1777–1811, German dramatic poet. He is one of the most evocative and disturbing of the German Romantic writers. Kleist…

Indiana, Robert

(Encyclopedia) Indiana, RobertIndiana, Robertĭnˌdē-ănˈə [key], 1928–2018, American pop artist, b. New Castle, Ind., as Robert Clark. A leading figure in the pop art movement of the 1960s, he…