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transplantation, medical

(Encyclopedia) transplantation, medical, surgical procedure by which a tissue or organ is removed and replaced by a corresponding part, usually from another part of the body or from another…

international language

(Encyclopedia) international language, sometimes called universal language, a language intended to be used by people of different linguistic backgrounds to facilitate communication among them and to…

forgery, in criminal law

(Encyclopedia) forgery, in criminal law, willful fabrication or alteration of a written document with the intent to injure the interests of another in a fraudulent manner. The crime may be committed…

mass extinction

(Encyclopedia) mass extinction, the extinction of a large percentage of the earth's species, opening ecological niches for other species to fill. There have been at least ten such events. The five…

exobiology

(Encyclopedia) exobiology or astrobiology, search for extraterrestrial life within the solar system and throughout the universe. Philosophical speculation that there might be other worlds similar to…

smart card

(Encyclopedia) smart card, small device that resembles a credit card but contains an embedded microprocessor to store and process information. Magnetic-stripe cards, which store a very small amount…

sleep apnea

(Encyclopedia) sleep apnea, episodes of interrupted breathing during sleep. Obstructive sleep apnea is a common disorder in which relaxation of muscles in the throat repeatedly close off the airway…

synapse

(Encyclopedia) synapsesynapsesĭnˈăps [key], junction between various signal-transmitter cells, either between two neurons or between a neuron and a muscle or gland. A nerve impulse reaches the…

Huntly, George Gordon, 4th earl of

(Encyclopedia) Huntly, George Gordon, 4th earl of, 1514–62, Scottish nobleman. He was made lord high chancellor in 1546. Although a Roman Catholic, he led a revolt against Mary Queen of Scots and was…