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Fried, Alfred Hermann

(Encyclopedia) Fried, Alfred HermannFried, Alfred Hermannälˈfrāt hĕrˈmän frēt [key], 1864–1921, Austrian pacifist. He moved to Berlin, where he was a bookseller and a writer. Influenced by Bertha von…

Victoria, empress of Germany

(Encyclopedia) Victoria (Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa), 1840–1901, empress of Germany, daughter of Victoria of England. In 1858 she married the German crown prince (later Emperor Frederick III).…

Carlsbad Decrees

(Encyclopedia) Carlsbad Decrees, 1819, resolutions adopted by the ministers of German states at a conference at Carlsbad that was convened and dominated by Prince Metternich following the murder of…

Zabrze

(Encyclopedia) ZabrzeZabrzezäbˈzhĕ [key], Ger. Hindenburg, city (1992 est. pop. 202,800), Śląskie prov., S Poland. It is a railway junction in the Katowice mining and industrial region. Local coal…

Bonpland, Aimé Jacques Alexandre

(Encyclopedia) Bonpland, Aimé Jacques AlexandreBonpland, Aimé Jacques Alexandreāmāˈ zhäkˈ älĕksäNˈdrə bôNpläNˈ [key], 1773–1858, French surgeon and naturalist who accompanied Alexander von Humboldt…

Weizsäcker, Richard Karl Freiherr von

(Encyclopedia) Weizsäcker, Richard Karl Freiherr von, 1920–2015, German political leader. After serving in World War II, Weizsäcker earned a law degree from the Univ. of Göttingen (1953), then worked…

Hindenburg, Paul von

(Encyclopedia) Hindenburg, Paul vonHindenburg, Paul vonhĭnˈdənbûrg, Ger. poul fən hĭnˈdənb&oobreve;rk [key], 1847–1934, German field marshal and president (1925–34), b. Poznan (then in Prussia).…

Ranke, Leopold von

(Encyclopedia) Ranke, Leopold vonRanke, Leopold vonlāˈōpôlt fən rängˈkə [key], 1795–1886, German historian, generally recognized as the father of the modern objective historical school. He applied…

The Prize

The winnings, the winners by Beth Rowen The Winnings Each winner of a Nobel Prize, which can go to individuals and institutions, takes home a medal, a diploma, and cash, which varies…

Rhine

(Encyclopedia) RhineRhinerīn [key], Du. Rijn, Fr. Rhin, Ger. Rhein, Lat. Rhenus, principal river of Europe, c.820 mi (1,320 km) long. It rises in the Swiss Alps and flows generally north, passing…