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Welsbach mantle

(Encyclopedia) Welsbach mantle or Welsbach burner [for C. A. von Welsbach], cylindrical framework of gauze impregnated with oxides of thorium and cerium. When heated in a gas flame, it produces a…

Ribbentrop, Joachim von

(Encyclopedia) Ribbentrop, Joachim vonRibbentrop, Joachim vonyōˈaäkhĭm fən rĭbˈəntrôp [key], 1893–1946, German foreign minister (1938–45). After World War I he became a wealthy champagne merchant. He…

Sturm und Drang

(Encyclopedia) Sturm und DrangSturm und Drangsht&oobreve;rm &oobreve;nt dräng [key] or Storm and Stress, movement in German literature that flourished from c.1770 to c.1784. It takes its name…

Dumba, Konstantin Theodor

(Encyclopedia) Dumba, Konstantin TheodorDumba, Konstantin Theodorkônstäntēnˈ tāˈōdôr d&oobreve;mˈbä [key], 1856–1947, Austro-Hungarian diplomat. As ambassador (1913–15) to the United States, he…

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von

(Encyclopedia) Goethe, Johann Wolfgang vonGoethe, Johann Wolfgang vonyōˈhän vôlfˈgäng fən göˈtə [key], 1749–1832, German poet, dramatist, novelist, and scientist, b. Frankfurt. One of the great…

Pfeffer, Wilhelm

(Encyclopedia) Pfeffer, WilhelmPfeffer, Wilhelmvĭlˈhĕlm pfĕˈfər [key], 1845–1920, German plant physiologist. He was professor of botany successively at the universities of Bonn, Basel, Tübingen, and…

Carstens, Asmus Jacob

(Encyclopedia) Carstens, Asmus JacobCarstens, Asmus Jacobäsˈm&oobreve;s yäˈkôp kärˈstəns [key], 1754–98, German historical painter and engraver, b. Schleswig. He studied in Copenhagen and in…

Mansfeld, Peter Ernst von

(Encyclopedia) Mansfeld, Peter Ernst vonMansfeld, Peter Ernst vonpāˈtər ĕrnst fən mänsˈfĕlt [key], 1580?–1626, military commander in the Thirty Years War. Illegitimate son of a governor for the…

Schwenkfeld, Kaspar von

(Encyclopedia) Schwenkfeld, Kaspar vonSchwenkfeld, Kaspar vonkäsˈpär fən shvĕngkˈfĕlt [key], 1490–1561, German religious reformer. Schwenkfeld was in court service with the duke of Liegnitz from 1510…