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Daun, Leopold Joseph Maria, Graf von

(Encyclopedia) Daun, Leopold Joseph Maria, Graf vonDaun, Leopold Joseph Maria, Graf vonlāˈōpôlt yōˈzĕf märēˈä gräf fən doun [key], 1705–66, Austrian field marshal. He gained distinction in the War of…

Koerber, Ernest von

(Encyclopedia) Koerber, Ernest vonKoerber, Ernest vonfən körˈbər [key], 1850–1919, Austro-Hungarian prime minister. A career civil servant, he became prime minister (1900–1904) and made a vigorous…

Karajan, Herbert von

(Encyclopedia) Karajan, Herbert vonKarajan, Herbert vonkäräyänˈ [key], 1908–89, Austrian conductor. Karajan began his conducting career in 1927. After World War II his reputation spread through…

Bock, Fedor von

(Encyclopedia) Bock, Fedor vonBock, Fedor vonfāˈdôr fən bôk [key], 1880–1945, German field marshal. During World War II he led German armies in Poland, the Low Countries, France, and Russia. In 1941…

Behring, Emil Adolph von

(Encyclopedia) Behring, Emil Adolph vonBehring, Emil Adolph vonāˈmēl äˈdōlf fən bârˈĭng [key], 1854–1917, German physician. He worked with Kitasato at Koch's laboratory in Berlin and from 1895 was…

Wrangel, Friedrich Heinrich Ernst, Graf von

(Encyclopedia) Wrangel, Friedrich Heinrich Ernst, Graf vonWrangel, Friedrich Heinrich Ernst, Graf vonfrēˈdrĭkh hīnˈrĭkh ĕrnst gräf fən vrängˈəl [key], 1784–1877, Prussian field marshal. He fought in…

Wieser, Friedrich von

(Encyclopedia) Wieser, Friedrich vonWieser, Friedrich vonfrēˈdrĭkh fən vēˈzər [key], 1851–1926, Austrian economist and sociologist. He is noted for his formulas applying the principle of marginal…

Payer, Julius von

(Encyclopedia) Payer, Julius vonPayer, Julius vonpīˈər [key], 1842–1915, Austrian explorer and painter. While on an expedition (1872–74) to navigate the Northeast Passage with Karl Weyprecht, Payer…

Boyen, Hermann von

(Encyclopedia) Boyen, Hermann vonBoyen, Hermann vonboiˈən [key], 1771–1848, Prussian field marshal. After the Prussian defeat by Emperor Napoleon I and the disastrous treaties of Tilsit in 1807 (see…

Wartburg

(Encyclopedia) WartburgWartburgvärtˈb&oobreve;rk [key], castle near Eisenach, in the state of Thuringia, central Germany. Built c.1070, later enlarged, and renovated in the 18th cent., it was the…