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Arundel, Henry Fitzalan, 12th earl of
(Encyclopedia) Arundel, Henry Fitzalan, 12th earl ofArundel, Henry Fitzalan, 12th earl ofărˈəndəl [key], 1511?–1580, English statesman. Lord chamberlain under Henry VIII, he was a member of the…Richard, earl of Cornwall
(Encyclopedia) Richard, earl of Cornwall, 1209–72, second son of King John of England and brother of Henry III. In 1227, following an expedition to Gascony and Poitou, Richard forced Henry to grant…Rhys ap Gruffydd
(Encyclopedia) Rhys ap GruffyddRhys ap Gruffyddrēs äp grĭfˈĭᵺ [key], 1132?–1197, ruler of South Wales and, after the death (1170) of Owain Gwynedd, leader of the Welsh princes. The failure (1165) of…Henry I, king of France
(Encyclopedia) Henry I, c.1008–1060, king of France (1031–60), son and successor of King Robert II. To defend his throne against his mother, his brothers Robert and Eudes, and subsequently against…Gloucester, Humphrey, duke of
(Encyclopedia) Gloucester, Humphrey, duke of, 1391–1447, English nobleman; youngest son of Henry IV and Mary de Bohun. He was well educated and had a great interest in humanist scholarship. After the…League
(Encyclopedia) League or Holy League, in French history, organization of Roman Catholics, aimed at the suppression of Protestantism and Protestant political influence in France. It was foreshadowed…Geoffrey IV
(Encyclopedia) Geoffrey IV, known as Geoffrey PlantagenetGeoffrey IV,plătăjˈənət [key] [O.Fr.,=sprig of broom; he usually wore a sprig in his helmet], 1113–51, count of Anjou (1129–51); son of Fulk,…Sully, Maximilien de Béthune, duc de
(Encyclopedia) Sully, Maximilien de Béthune, duc deSully, Maximilien de Béthune, duc demäksēmēlyăNˈ də bātünˈ dük də [key]Sully, Maximilien de Béthune, duc de sülēˈ [key], 1560–1641, French statesman…Lancaster, house of
(Encyclopedia) Lancaster, house ofLancaster, house oflăngˈkəstər [key], royal family of England. The line was founded by the second son of Henry III, Edmund Crouchback, 1245–96, who was created earl…Gloucester, Robert, earl of
(Encyclopedia) Gloucester, Robert, earl of, d. 1147, English nobleman; illegitimate son of Henry I. Henry created (c.1121) the earldom of Gloucester for him. After his father's death (1135), Robert…